Inheritance, variation and evolution

Question 1

What is DNA?

Answer 1

The chemical that all of the genetic material in a cell is made up from.

Question 2

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid 

Question 3

What are the long structures of DNA called?

Answer 3

Chromosomes

Question 4

Where is DNA found?

Answer 4

nucleus

Question 5

In what numbers do chromosomes usually come in?

Answer 5

Pairs

Question 6

What is the shape of DNA?

Answer 6

Double helix

Question 7

What is a gene?

Answer 7

A small section of DNA found in a chromosome

Question 8

What does genes do?

Answer 8

they code for a particular sequence of amino acids, which are put together to make specific protein

Question 9

Name a type of protein that cells produce?

Answer 9

haemoglobin

Question 10

What does a proteins made from amino acids (from gene coding) determine?

Answer 10

What kind of cell it is

Question 11

What is a Genome?

Answer 11

Is the term for the entire set of genetic material in an organism

Question 12

why is the study of the human Genome important?

Answer 12

it allows scientists to identify genes that are linked to different types of disease, which could help them be cured, it also helps trace things like migration which tell us where ancestors come from.

Question 13

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 13

reproduction where genetic information from two organisms are combined to produce offspring are genetically different to either parent.

Question 14

What is meiosis?

Answer 14

Sexual reproduction

Question 15

In human cells how many chromosomes do each gamete have?

Answer 15

23

Question 16

What are gametes?

Answer 16

Sex cells

Question 17

What does sexual reproduction involve?

Answer 17

The fusion of male and female gametes. Because there are two parents. The offspring contain a mixture of the parents genes

Question 18

Flowers have a egg cells but what is their version of sperm?

Answer 18

Pollen

Question 19

What kind of cells does asexual reproduction produce?

Answer 19

Genetically identical cells

Question 20

Why, in a sexual reproduction, are the offspring genetically identical?

Answer 20

Because there is only one parent and not a mixture of genetic information

Question 21

what is the process of asexual reproduction called?

Answer 21

Mitosis

Question 22

Why are there only 23 chromosomes in a gamete?

Answer 22

so that when they fuse the numbers add together to make a full set. 

Question 23

What happens before a cell can divide?

Answer 23

duplicates it’s genetic information, forming to armed chromomes, Each arm is an exact copy of the other arm. Are you going to arrange themselves into pairs.
The chromosome pairs in line up in the centre of the cell so that they can be pulled apart so each new cell only has one copy of each chromosome. 
In the second division, the chromosomes lineup against the centre of the cell in the arms are pulled apart.

Question 24

What happens after a gamete fusion happens?

Answer 24

The newly formed cell will divide by mitosis to make a copy of itself, then mitosis repeats many times to produce lots of new cells in an embryo. When the embryo develops the cells start to differentiate into different types of specialised cells to make a whole organism

Question 25

How many pairs of chromosomes are there in every human cell?

Answer 25

23

Question 26

What are the 23rd pair of chromosomes?

Answer 26

The XX or XY chromosome

Question 27

what does the XX or XY chromosome decide?

Answer 27

It decides your sex

Question 28

What chromosomes define males and which one defines females?

Answer 28

Males have the XY chromosome and females have The xx chromosome

Question 29

which of the X and Y chromosomes are bigger?

Answer 29

The X chromosome

Question 30

What do genetic diagrams to?

Answer 30

show the possible combinations of gametes?

Question 31

Name a type of genetic diagram?

Answer 31

Punnet square

Question 32

What is an allele?

Answer 32

Different versions of a gene

Question 33

How many alleles of every gene are there in your body

Answer 33

Two

Question 34

What is it called when the two alleles for a particular gene are the same?

Answer 34

Homozygous

Question 35

What is the name for two alleles for a particular gene or different?

Answer 35

Hey

Question 36

When two alleles are different, only one can determine the characteristic present. What is the name of the characteristic that shown in the one that isn’t?

Answer 36

Don’t show it is the dominant allele and the one that isn’t is the recessive

Question 37

What does an organism have to have for recessive characteristic to should be shown?

Answer 37

both its alleles must be recessive.

Question 38

What is your phenotype?

Answer 38

The physical features of your characteristic shown

Question 39

what kind of allele is cystic fibrosis caused by?

Answer 39

Recessive

Question 40

What kind of allele is polydactyly caused by?

Answer 40

Dominant

Question 41

What is in vitro fertilisation (IVF) ?

Answer 41

Where embryos or fertilise an alarm for tree, and then implanted into a mother’s womb

Question 42

What is embryo screening?

Answer 42

When before implantation, it’s possible to remove a cell each embryo and analyse its genes. Many genetic disorders can be detected this way, it’s also possible to look at the DNA.

Question 43

Why might somebody disagree with embryo screening?

Answer 43

because bad alleles can be destroyed, it could also lead to a termination of pregnancy.

Question 44

What are some reasons in favour of embryo screening?

Answer 44

It might help stop people from suffering, treating disorders cost lots of money, there are laws to stop it going too far.