Inheritance

Question 1

Who found out about Inheritance

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel

Question 2

What was His experiement

Answer 2

conducted experiments with Pisum Sativum (garden pea)

Cross Pure bred with plants of contrasting traits
eg yellow seed crossed with green seed

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

Factors which determines a inherited characteristic

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

Alternative form of a gene

Question 5

Dominant

Answer 5

Always expressed if present , has the ability to mask effects of other alleles

Question 6

Recessive

Answer 6

Expressed in absence of a dominant allele, usual masked by a dominant allele
represented in Lowercase

Question 7

Homozygous

Answer 7

Both alleles of a particular characteristic are the same

Question 8

Heterozygous

Answer 8

Both alleles of a particular characteristic is different

Question 9

Hemizygous

Answer 9

Only having half of the alleles, usual always in males due to having 1 x chromosome

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

Physical characteristic/appearance that is determined by the alleles expressed

Question 11

DNA profiling

Answer 11

a sample of the DNA is cut at particular base sequences and placed on a bed of gel. Electrophoresis results in the pieces of DNA forming a banding pattern dependent on the size of the DNA fragment. This banded picture is the person’s DNA profile or fingerprint.

Question 12

Advantages to DNA profiling

Answer 12

Can help detect/trace hereditary diseases at an early age = better chance to get treated

Identify alleles that have mutated

Question 13

Progeny

Answer 13

Offspring

Question 14

Autosomal Dominant.

Answer 14

Two affected parents producing a UNaffected child

Question 15

Autosomal Recessive

Answer 15

Two UNaffected parents producing a Affected child

Question 16

X-Linked Dominant

Answer 16

Fathers with affected trait passes it onto ALL of their daughters as their Y chromosome is passed down to their sons

Question 17

X-Linked Recessive

Answer 17

Mothers with affected trait passing it onto ALL of their sons

Question 18

Principle of Segregation

Answer 18

The trait for a allele is segregated/separated during formation of gametes

Question 19

Genetic counselling

Answer 19

Advice given to parents or couple about to the risk that an inherited condition may be passed onto their offspring. Making them have an informed decision about if they wish to have a child or not

Question 20

Principle Of Inheritance

Answer 20

inherited characteristics are
controlled by genes, and that each
gamete receives one set of genes.

Question 21

Huntingson’s Disease

Answer 21

Autosomal Dominant
Characterised by occasional involuntary flailing movements of the arms and legs. In addition, the
person often has difficulty making voluntary
movements of the limbs

Question 22

PKU ( Phenylketonuria )

Answer 22

Autosomal Recessive
controls the production of an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase (This enzyme converts the amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine) If not present, then phenylalanine
will accumulate in the bloodstream and become toxic

Question 23

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 23

Autosomal Recessive
Children with the condition
suffer from chest infections, lack of digestive enzymes and increased salt loss

Question 24

Treatment for Cystic fibrosis

Answer 24

a blood sample is usually taken from the baby’s heel within two
to three days after birth.
IS given a special diet low in
fat and high in carbohydrate and protein

Question 25

Red and green colourblindness

Answer 25

X Linked Recessive
Individuals who are unable to distinguish between the two colours

Question 26

Haemophilia

Answer 26

X-Linked Recessive
Process which the blood clots
slowly or not at all

Question 27

ABO blood group

Answer 27

Autosomal Co-Dominant
Symptoms: Cramping Drowiness
Treatment: Light Therapy

Question 28

Electrophoresis

Answer 28

Process of pieces DNA pieces placed on a bed of gel and an electric current was passed through the gel (electrodes) Producing a dna banding pattern

Question 29

Ethical Issues for DNA profiling

Answer 29

Discriminsion can cause the results of their genetic profiles to pay more/less for health cover according to their risk of disease