Inheritance

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

Section of DNA that codes for proteins

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

Different version of same gene - 1v from each homologous chromosome.
Found at the same locus on each chromosome

Question 3

Locus

Answer 3

Location on a gene

Question 4

Inheritance

Answer 4

Ärftlighet. Hur olika saker ärvs från orgaksmer

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

Combination of all alleles in an individuals genome

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

The traits that are expressed as a result of the genotype and interactions with their environment .
May be expressed as a visible trait, behaviour or biochemical reactions in the body.

Question 7

Trait

Answer 7

Characteristic of an organism that is passed from parent to child

Question 8

Homozygous

Answer 8

When alleles in a gene pair are the same the individual’s homozygous for that trait.

Question 9

Heterozygous

Answer 9

When alleles in a gene pair are the different the individual’s heterozygous for that trait

Question 10

Dominant allele

Answer 10

Expressed by capital letters. Will be expressed if an individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.

Question 11

Recessive allele

Answer 11

Expressed by lowercase letters. Is not expressed unless an individual is homozygous recessive.

Question 12

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 12

Traits that are affected by Multiple genes. Ex skin color determined by 8 genes+ sunlight. (Genes + environment)

Question 13

Punnett square

Answer 13

A model for determining the ratio of geno and phenotypes

Question 14

Pleiotropy

Answer 14

Describes the effect of a gene on several traits. Ex mutation on gene 12 can lead to PKU.
1 gene ➡️ multiple traits

Question 15

Epistasis

Answer 15

Describes how 1 gene affects other genes expressions. Ex labradors coat color are determined by 2 genes; amount of pigment (gB) & whether or not gB is expressed.

Question 16

Incomplete dominance

Answer 16

Occurs when one allele’s not dominant over the other. Both contribute equally to express a phenotype that is a mix of the original traits.
Ex red flower + white ➡️ pink

Question 17

Co-dominance

Answer 17

When both alleles in a genepair are expressed. Phenotype is a combination of both where each are clearly expressed. Red flower + white ➡️ some red petals some white petals.

Question 18

Ratio

Answer 18

Räknas ut via mathematical analyses. Each version of a trait is expressed in different particular rations (amounts)

Question 19

Karyotype

Answer 19

An individual’s complete set of chromosomes. Syftar oxå till den bild över kromosomerna antal o utseende som kan framställas när fotograferar celler i mitosens metaphase. (Gen paren, 23 st)

Question 20

Autosomal

Answer 20

En kromosom som inte är en könskromosom, dvs alla utom X & Y.
➡️ 22 par av 23 är autosomal

Question 21

Law of segregation

Answer 21

Each gamete only contains 1 allele for each gene; each parent can only pass on 1 version of each gene. (During meiosis 1)

Question 22

Law of independent asortment

Answer 22

Alleles are segregated (divided) randomly. (Meiosis 1)
Exception: alleles located in the same chromosome can’t be randomly separated.

Question 23

Law of dominance

Answer 23

Recessive alleles are masked (not expressed) by dominant alleles.
Exception: some alleles are co-dominant or incompletely dominant