Inheritance

Question 1

Genes

Answer 1

segments of DNA on a chromosome that code for one trait of characteristic

Question 2

Locus

Answer 2

specific location on a chromosome where a gene is located

Question 3

Allele

Answer 3

an alternate form of a gene

Question 4

Dominant Allele

Answer 4

one one copy of this allele needs to be present in order to be expressed

Question 5

Recessive Allele

Answer 5

two copies of this allele need to be present in order to be expressed

Question 6

Homozygous

Answer 6

possessing alike alleles for a given trait

Question 7

Heterozygous

Answer 7

possessing unlike alleles for a given trait

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

which alleles an individual has for a particular trait
ex. AA, Aa, aa

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

the physical appearance of a trait with respect to the dominance of the alleles

Question 10

For traits that are coded for by a single gene, …

Answer 10

people get one allele from their mother and one allele from their father

Question 11

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 11

theoretically breeding two heterozygotes for a particular trait and determining the probability that their offspring will have dominant or recessive genotypes and/or phenotypes

Question 12

Punnett Square

Answer 12

tool to visualize all possible alleles that can result in children from two theoretical parents, and calculate the probability of each genetic outcome

Question 13

P generation

Answer 13

the parents that are being theoretically mated to produce the F1 generation
– typically homozygous dominant x homozygous recessive

Question 14

F1 generation

Answer 14

first filial generation
– typically 100% heterozygotes

Question 15

Carrier

Answer 15

an individual that is heterozygous for a recessive condition

Question 16

Why is inbreeding bad?

Answer 16

inbreeding depression: reduction in fitness caused by loss of heterozygosity