Inheritance

Question 1

How many chromosomes in humans?

Answer 1

46

23 from each parent

Question 2

When can chromosomes be seen?

Answer 2

When cells are about to divide → the DNA is highly coiled

Question 3

Centre of the chromosome

Answer 3

Centromere

Question 4

Pair of parts that make up a chromosome

Answer 4

Chromatids

X shape when two chromatids are joined at the centromere

Question 5

Picture of sorter chromosomes

Answer 5

Karyotype

Chromosomes are stained to be viewed using a microscope

Question 6

Chromosomes are homologous

except the 23rd pair

Answer 6

They have the same genes in the same loci

23rd pair determines sex → XY or XX

Question 7

DNA Structure

Answer 7

• two sugar-phosphate backbones twisted into double helix
• made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate subunits
• 4 bases → ATCG
• made up of nucleotides

Question 8

DNA Bases

Answer 8

• Adenine
• Thymine
• Cytosine
• Guanine

Complementary base pairs held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 9

Nucleotide

Answer 9

Consists of a sugar, phosphate, and base

Question 10

How does DNA code for different characteristics?

Answer 10

• genes in the DNA code for different proteins
• proteins are made up of ordered amino acids
• proteins make up most cell structures
• proteins control our cells and give us our characteristics

gene → protein → characteristic

Question 11

3 bases code for

Answer 11

Codon

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

The genes that determine an organism’s characteristics

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

The displayed characteristics as a result of the genotype