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Biology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of the Circulatory System

A

Achieve mass movement of molecules around the body

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2
Q

Source

A

a place in the body where molecules enter the bloodstream

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3
Q

Sink

A

a place in the body where molecules leave the bloodstream

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4
Q

Oxygen Source

A

Alveoli

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5
Q

Oxygen Sink

A

All living cells

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6
Q

Carbon Dioxide Source

A

All living cells

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7
Q

Carbon Dioxide Sink

A

Alveoli

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8
Q

Glucose Source

A

Small Intestines

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9
Q

Glucose Sink

A

All living cells

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10
Q

Urea Source

A

All living cells

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11
Q

Urea Sink

A

Kidneys

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12
Q

Why do large organisms need a circulatory system?

A

Molecules have a further distance to travel. Large organisms need large amounts of oxygen, glucose, water etc to survive. Requires mass movement

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13
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

Blood flows into lungs from heart (deoxygenated) high pressure

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14
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

Blood flows to the heart from the lungs (oxygenated) low pressure

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15
Q

Vena Cava

A

Blood flows to heart from body (deoxygenated) low pressure

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16
Q

Aorta

A

Blood flows to body from heart (oxygenated) highest pressure

17
Q

Bit separating the two sides of the heart

A

Septum

18
Q

Chamber with highest pressure

A

Left Ventricle (therefore has thicker walls to generate and cope with pressure)

19
Q

Chamber with lowest pressure

A

Right Atrium (thinner walls as doesn’t need to cope with high pressure)

20
Q

Structure of Arteries

A

Thick elastic walls to cope with high blood pressure. Small lumen

21
Q

Structure of Veins

A

Thin, less stretchy walls as they don’t need to cope with high pressure. Large lumen

22
Q

How do some veins allow blood flow against gravity?

A

Muscle tissue lining to contract and push blood and valves to stop blood flow in wrong direction

23
Q

Heart Strings

A

Keep valves from opening the wrong way and letting blood flow in wrong direction

24
Q

Valves between atria and ventricles

A

Atrio-ventricular Valves

25
Q

Valves between ventricles and arteries

A

Semi-lunar Valves

26
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

Sequence of events during one heartbeat

27
Q

Cardiac Cycle steps

A

Atrial Systole → Ventricular Systole → Diastole

28
Q

Atrial Systole

A

Atrium walls contract to push blood through atrio-ventricular valves. Blood flows into ventricles. swoosh

29
Q

Ventricular Systole

A

Ventricle walls contract to push blood through semi-lunar valves. Blood flows into arteries. BOOM

30
Q

Diastole

A

Both atria and ventricles relax to lower blood pressure inside the heart to draw new blood in from veins. boom

31
Q

Structure of Capillaries

A

Single-cell walls. Very small lumen

32
Q

Structure of Arterioles

A

Smooth muscle rings to contract and slow down blood for diffusion. Redirect blood to prioritised organs during exercise.

33
Q

Composition of Blood

A
  • 54% plasma
  • 1 % buffy coat (wbc + platelettes)
  • 45% red blood cells
34
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

Carry oxygen around body using haemaglobin

35
Q

White Blood Cells

A

Responsible for defense against disease

36
Q

Platelettes

A

Tiny cell fragments responsible for clotting blood

37
Q

Plasma

A

Transports cells in blood
- urea, water, salt, rbc, wbc, platelettes, hormones, fats, amino acids, glucose, anitbodies, plasma proteins

38
Q

How are red blood cells adapted to their function?

A
  • packed with haemoglobin
  • no internal organelles (more room for haemoglobin)
  • biconcave disc shape (high SA:vol ratio + short diffusion distance for oxygen)
  • small (travel in billions)
39
Q

Types of WBC

A
  • phagocytes | lobed nucleus | engulf + digest pathogens
  • lymphocytes | large central nucleus | produce antibodies to enhance immune response

Biology (7 decks)

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