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Anesthesia-phar > Inhaled Agents Structure and Facts > Flashcards

Inhaled Agents Structure and Facts Flashcards

1
Q
A

Halothane

Alkane not Ether

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2
Q
A

Isoflurane

Halogenated methyl ethyl ether with Cl-

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3
Q
A

Enflurane

(Halogenated methyl ethyl ether)

(Isomer of Isoflurane)

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4
Q
A

Desflurane

(Fluorinated methyl ethyl ether)

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5
Q
A

Sevoflurane

Methyl Isopropyl Ether

1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)propane

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6
Q

N2O

A

Nitrous oxide

Inorganic compound

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7
Q

Which has the most myocardial depression of all the inhaled agents?

A

Halothane

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8
Q

MAC of Halothane

A

0.75% in oxygen (VERY POTENT)

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9
Q

MAC of Isoflurane

A

1.2% in oxygen

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10
Q

Which is the least potent of volatile agents?

A

Desflurane

MAC = 4-6%

(think of the Devil’s # 6)

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11
Q

Which inhaled agent needs a special vaporizer?

A

Desflurane

(because of its low boiling point)

When heated under pressure it exerts as gas

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12
Q

Which gases are irritating to airways?

A

Isoflurane

Desflurane

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13
Q

Which gases are not irritating to airways?

A

Halothane

Sevoflurane

Nitrous Oxide

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14
Q

Better anesthetic for pediatric cases = __

A

Sevoflurane

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15
Q

For pediatrics, the new recommendation is to reduce flow during inhalation induction is to minimize ___.

A

pollution

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16
Q

Pediatric recommendations for induction flow

A
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17
Q

Sevoflurane

(vapor pressure, blood/gas coefficient, and fat/blood coefficent)

A

VP = 160 mm Hg.

B/G=0.65

Fat/Blood = 48

18
Q

Halothane

Vapor pressure, blood/gas, fat/blood coefficient

A

VP = 243mmHg at 20 degrees C.

B/G=2.3

Fat Blood = 80

19
Q

MAC of Sevoflurane

A

2% in oxygen

20
Q

Sevoflurane’s combustion risk is increased in ___.

A

desiccated absorber

21
Q

Nitrous Oxide

Vapor Pressure, blood/gas, blood/fat coefficient

Boiling point

A

VP 39,000 mm Hg. (stored as liquid under pressure)

B/G 0.47

Fat/Blood = 2.3

Boils 88 degrees C.

22
Q

Isoflurane

Vapor pressure, blood/gas, blood/fat coefficient

A

VP 240 mm Hg at 20 degrees C.

B/G = 1.4

Fat/blood 45

23
Q

Which inhalational agent has the most myocardial depression?

A

Halothane

24
Q

Enflurane is metabolized ___.

A

2-4%

End product is Fluorine

25
Q

With Enflurane, there is a risk for ___.

A

seizures

26
Q

Desflurane

Vapor pressure, boiling point, blood/gas and blood/fat

A

VP 681 mmHg at 20 degrees

Boiling Point 23.5 degrees C.

B/G = 0.42

Fat/Blood 27

27
Q

Sevoflurane degrades in ___.

A

Soda Lyme and Baralyme absorber

28
Q

Which agent is the BEST for inhalational induction?

A

Sevoflurane

29
Q

MAC of Nitrous Oxide

A

MAC 105%

30
Q

Which agents support combustion?

A

Nitrous Oxide

Sevoflurane (when in a dessicated absorber)

31
Q

With Nitrous Oxide, there is a danger of ____.

A

Danger of hypoxia with high concentration or low atm. pressure

Because it is 32-34 x more soluble the nitrogen it can cause closed air spaces (bowel, ET cuff, air embolism) to expand as it replaces the N2 in the air.

32
Q

How is nitrous oxide stored?

How is it degraded in atmosphere?

A

Stored as liquid under pressure (750 PSI)

Slow degradation in atmosphere

33
Q

Critical Temperature of Nitrous Oxide

A

36.5 degrees C.

34
Q

Carbon monoxide poisoning is associated with ___.

A

Desflurane in a dessicated absorber

35
Q

Desflurane has ___ tissue solubility

A

low

36
Q

MAC of Enflurane

A

1.68 in oxygen

37
Q

Vapor Pressure and blood/gas of Enflurane

A

VP 172 mmHg at 20 degrees C.

B/G =1.8

38
Q

MAC of Isoflurane

A

1.2%

39
Q

1 time constant

A

Capacity/Flow rate = time to 63% change

Liters/liter per minute

40
Q

2 Time Constants

A

time to 86% change

41
Q

3 Time Constants

A

time to 98% change

42
Q

0.7 TC

A

½ time = time to 50% change

Anesthesia-phar (18 decks)

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