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Pharmacology 1 > Inhalational Dosages > Flashcards

Inhalational Dosages Flashcards

1
Q

Desflurane alternate name:

A

Suprane

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2
Q

Desflurane structure:

A
  1. Fluorinated methyl ethyl ether
  2. Identical to isoflurane except for a substitution of a fluorine atom for the chlorine
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3
Q

Desflurane MOA:

A
  1. Positively modulate GABA-A receptors and glycine receptors
  2. Inhibit excitatory NMDA glutamate receptors and neuronal nicotinic Ach receptors
  3. Activate K+ channels
  4. Inhibit voltage gated Na+ channels and Ca2+ channels
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4
Q

Desflurane Boiling point:

A

23.5 C

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5
Q

Desflurane Vapor pressure:

A

669

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6
Q

Desflurane Oil:Gas solubility

A

19

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7
Q

Desflurane Blood:Gas solubility

A

0.42

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8
Q

Desflurane Metabolism:

A

0.02% by CYP2E1

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9
Q

Desflurane MAC%:

A

6%

MAC awake = 0.3-0.5 MAC, MAC 95 = 1.3 MAC, MAC BAR = 1.5 MAC

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10
Q

Desflurane Side Effects:

A
  1. Bronchospasm
  2. PONV
  3. Amnesia
  4. unconsciousness
  5. immobility
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11
Q

Desflurane Contraindications / cautions

A
  1. MH trigger
  2. Most pungent (may cause laryngospasm)
  3. Need special vaporizer (Tech-6)
  4. PONV
  5. Smokers/asthmatics due to bronchospasm
  6. Reduces MAP, CO, CI in a dose dependent fashion
  7. Prolongs QT interval
  8. Reduces SVR
  9. Decrease NMBA dose needed (25-50%)
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12
Q

Nitrous alternate name

A

Inomax

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13
Q

Nitrous Structure:

A
  1. Only inorganic anesthetic gas- no carbon atoms
  2. 2 atoms nitrogen, 1 atom oxygen
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14
Q

Nitrous MOA:

A
  1. Positively modulate GABA-A receptors and glycine receptors
  2. Inhibit excitatory NMDA glutamate receptors and neuronal nicotinic Ach receptors
  3. Activate K+ channels
  4. Inhibit voltage gated Na+ channels and Ca2+ channels
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15
Q

Nitrous Boiling Point:

A

-88.5 C

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16
Q

Nitrous Vapor pressure:

A

39,000

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17
Q

Nitrous Oil:Gas solubility:

A

1.4

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18
Q

Nitrous Blood:gas solubility:

A

0.46

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19
Q

Nitrous Metabolism:

A

0.004% metabolized by CYP2E1

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20
Q

Nitrous MAC%:

A

104%

MAC awake = 0.3-0.5 MAC, MAC 95 = 1.3 MAC, MAC BAR = 1.5 MAC

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21
Q

Nitrous side effects:

A
  1. Increased CBF
  2. PONV
  3. Amnesia
  4. unconsciousness
  5. Increased CMRO2
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22
Q

Nitrous Contraindications / cautions:

A
  1. Diffusion hypoxia
  2. Avoid in pneumothorax
  3. Avoid in intraocular air bubble
  4. Can diffuse into ETT/LMA cuff
  5. Do not use as sole anesthetic
  6. Avoid in pregnant patients if possible
  7. Decrease NMBA dose needed (25-50%)
23
Q

Sevoflurane alternate name:

A

Ultane

24
Q

Sevoflurane structure:

A
  1. Fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether
  2. Halogenated ether – to increase stability & decrease
    reactivity
25
Q

Sevoflurane MOA:

A
  1. Positively modulate GABA-A receptors and glycine receptors
  2. Inhibit excitatory NMDA glutamate receptors and neuronal nicotinic Ach receptors
  3. Activate K+ channels
  4. Inhibit voltage gated Na+ channels and Ca2+ channels
26
Q

Sevoflurane Boiling point:

A

58.6 C

27
Q

Sevoflurane Vapor Pressure:

A

160

28
Q

Sevoflurane Oil:Gas solubility:

A

47

29
Q

Sevoflurane Blood:Gas solubility:

A

0.69

30
Q

Sevoflurane metabolism:

A

2% by CYP2E1

31
Q

Sevoflurane MAC%:

A

2%

MAC awake = 0.3-0.5 MAC, MAC 95 = 1.3 MAC, MAC BAR = 1.5 MAC

32
Q

Sevoflurane side effects:

A
  1. Increased CBF
  2. PONV
  3. Amnesia
  4. unconsciousness
  5. immobility
33
Q

Sevoflurane Contraindications / cautions:

A
  1. MH trigger
  2. Caution in renal patients
  3. PONV
  4. May induce seizure activity (particularly in peds with seizure history)
  5. Must use fresh gas flow of 2L
  6. Reduces MAP, CO, CI in a dose dependent fashion
  7. Prolongs QT interval
  8. Reduces SVR
  9. Decrease NMBA dose needed (25-50%)
34
Q

Isoflurane alternate name:

A

Forane

35
Q

Isoflurane structure:

A
  1. Isomer of Enflurane
  2. Halogenated methyl ethyl ether
36
Q

Isoflurane MOA:

A
  1. Positively modulate GABA-A receptors and glycine receptors
  2. Inhibit excitatory NMDA glutamate receptors and neuronal nicotinic Ach receptors
  3. Activate K+ channels
  4. Inhibit voltage gated Na+ channels and Ca2+ channels
37
Q

Isoflurane boiling point:

A

48.5 C

38
Q

Isoflurane Vapor pressure:

A

238

39
Q

Isoflurane Oil:Gas solubility:

A

91

40
Q

Isoflurane Blood:Gas solubility:

A

1.4

41
Q

Isoflurane metabolism:

A

0.2% metabolized by CYP2E1

42
Q

Isoflurane MAC%:

A

1.2%

MAC awake = 0.3-0.5 MAC, MAC 95 = 1.3 MAC, MAC BAR = 1.5 MAC

43
Q

Isoflurane side effects:

A
  1. Bronchodilation
  2. PONV
  3. Amnesia
  4. unconsciousness
  5. immobility
44
Q

Isoflurane Contraindications / Cautions:

A
  1. MH trigger
  2. CO poisoning from degradation in CO2 absorbents
  3. Severe PONV
  4. Reduces MAP, CO, CI in a dose dependent fashion
  5. Prolongs QT interval
  6. Reduces SVR
  7. Decrease NMBA dose needed (25-50%)
45
Q

Halothane alternate name:

A

Fluothane

46
Q

Halothane MOA:

A
  1. Positively modulate GABA-A receptors and glycine receptors
  2. Inhibit excitatory NMDA glutamate receptors and neuronal nicotinic Ach receptors
  3. Activate K+ channels
  4. Inhibit voltage gated Na+ channels and Ca2+ channels
47
Q

Halothane boiling point:

A

50.2 C

48
Q

Halothane Vapor pressure:

A

243

49
Q

Halothane Oil:Gas solubility:

A

224

50
Q

Halothane Blood:Gas solubility:

A

2.4

51
Q

Halothane MAC%:

A

0.75%

52
Q

Halothane metabolism:

A

20% by CYP2E1

53
Q

Halothane side effects

A
  1. Bronchodilation
  2. PONV
  3. Amnesia
  4. unconsciousness
  5. immobility
54
Q

Halothane Contraindications / cautions:

A
  1. MH trigger
  2. Allergy
  3. previous PONV
  4. resp depression
  5. Can prolong QT interval
  6. Decrease NMBA dose needed (25-50%)

Pharmacology 1 (12 decks)

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