Inguinal Canal Flashcards
1
Q
- The testes and ovaries develop from what germ layer?
- They pass through _ and end in scrotum
A
- Intermediate mesoderm
- Inguinal canal
2
Q
- Steps of Testicular Migration
A
- Develop on posterior abdominal wall
- Follows gubernaculum
- Passes through muscle layers and inguinal canal
- Ends migration in scrotum
3
Q
- What is the remnant of the gubernaculum in males and females?
A
- Males
- Scrotal ligament
- Females
- Round ligament of the uterus
4
Q
- As the testes descend, which muscle DOES NOT get pulled along with it?
A
- Transversus abdominis m.
5
Q
- Name the following structures
A
- Deep Inguinal Ring
- Superficial Inguinal Ring
- Scrotum (skin and dartos)
- External spermatic fascia
- Cremasteric fascia
- Internal spermatic fascia
- Tunica vaginalis (parietal)
- Tunica vaginalis (visceral)
6
Q
- What innervates the dartos m.?
- What innervates the cremasteric m.?
A
- Sympathetics
- Genital branch of genitofemoral n.
7
Q
- What are the layers of the scrotum?
A
- Skin
- Dartos fascia
8
Q
- Blood supply to the scrotum
A
- Posterior scrotal branches from pudendal artery
- Anterior scrotal branches from deep external pudendal artery
- Cremasteric artery (from inferior epigastric)
9
Q
- Nerve supply to the scrotum
A
- Posterior scrotal nerves (from pudendal n.)
- Supply posterior surface
- Perineal branches of posterior cutaneous n. of thigh (pudendal n.)
- Supply posteroinferior surface
-
Anterior scrotal nerves
- Supply anterior surface (from ilioinguinal n. L1)
- Genital branch of genitofermoral n.
- Supply anterolateral surface
10
Q
- Label parts of the scrotum
A
- Dartos fascia
- External spermatic fascia
- Cremaster m.
- Internal spermatic fascia
- Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis
- Epididymios
- Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
- Skin
11
Q
- Hydrocele
A
- Fluid in persistent processus vaginalis (aka fluid between the parietal and visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis)
- Detected via transillumination
12
Q
Identify where portions of the spermatic cord originated from
A
- External oblique aponeurosis forms external spermatic fascia
- Cremasteric fascia from internal oblique
- Internal spermatic fascia from transversalis fascia
- Processus vaginalis
13
Q
- Contents of the spermatic cord
A
- Ductus deferens
- Artery to ductus deferens (from inferior vesicular artery)
- Testicular artery
- Pampiniform plexus of veins (thermoregulation)
- Sympathetics and visceral afferents (to regulate dartos m.)
- Lymphatics
- Remnants of processus vaginalis
14
Q
- Where does the gonadal/testicular artery originate from (on each side)
A
- From aorta on right side
- Left renal artery on left side
15
Q
- Varicocele
- Which side is more common?
A
- Scrotal fullness caused by dilated and tortuous veins in the pampiniform plexus surrounding the spermatic cord
- Bag of worms appearance on physical exam (increases with standing or the Valsalva maneuver)
- Left
- Since left side drains into left renal vein (which is more easily compressed)
16
Q
- What nerve is responsible for the cremasteric reflex?
A
- Genitofemoral n.
17
Q
- Define the inguinal region
- The inguinal region is a common site for _
- Label the structures of the inguinal region
A
- Region where structures enter and exit the abdominal cavity
- Inguinal region is a common site of herniation
- Herniation
- Spermatic cord (males) Round ligament of the uterus (females)
- Deep inguinal ring
- Superficial inguinal ring
18
Q
- What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal?
A
- Iliopubic tract
- Inguinal Ligament
- Lacunar Ligament
19
Q
- *The medial crus of the inguinal ligament attaches to the _*
- *The lateral crus of the inguinal ligament attaches to the _*
A
- Pubic crest (MC)
- Pubic tubercle (TL)
20
Q
- Identify the structures of the external oblique aponeurosis
A
- Lateral crus
- Inguinal ligament
- Subinguinal space
- Pectineal ligament
- Medial crus
- Superficial inguinal ring
- Pubic tubercle
- Lacunar ligament
21
Q
- Identify the following structures
A
- Internal obliques
- Transversus abdominis
- Conjoint tendon
- Cremasteric m.
- Lacunar ligament
- Superficial inguinal ring
- Transversalis fascia
- Conjoint tendon
22
Q
- The transversalis fascia helps make up the _ tract
A
- Iliopubic
23
Q
- Label the following
A
- Inferior epigastric veins
- Lacunar ligament
- Transcersalis fascia
- Iliopubic tract (parallels inguinal ligament)
- Deep inguinal ring
- Gonadal/Testicular Vessels
- Ductus Deferens (Vas deferens)
24
Q
- What three anatomical structures make up the border of the inguinal triangle/Hasselbach’s triangle?
A
- Rectus abdominus
- Inguinal ligament
- Inferior epigastric vessels
25
* **What two landmarks can be used to identify the deep inguinal ring?**
* Testicular/Gonadal Vessels
* Ductus/Vas Deferens
26
* The conjoint tendon inserts on the \_
* Pectineal line
27
* ***_Direct versus indirect inguinal hernia_***
* Direct
* **Medial to inferior epigastric vessels**
* **Direct-Medial (DM)**
* Indirect
* **Lateral to inferior epigastric vessels**
* **Inferior-Lateral (IL)**
28
* Are direct or indirect hernias more common?
* Indirect (most common hernia in both males and females)
29
* ***_What occurs in an indirect inguinal hernia?_***
* **Gut contents move thru deep inguinal ring and pierce layers of spermatic cord and can pass thru the superficial inguinal ring**
30
* ***_What occurs in a direct inguinal hernia?_***
* **Conjoint tendon is weak**
* Abdominal contents press down on parietal peritoneum and transversalis fascia
* Does not go through deep inguinal ring
* Tries to come out at superficial inguinal ring
31
* Femoral hernia occurs _ to inguinal ligament
* More common in males or females?
* **Inferior**
* Females
* 40% present as emergencies with incarceration or strangulation
32
* Lumbar nodes of the inguinal canal
* Testes/Ovaries
* to
* **Lumbar, Aortic, Caval**
33
* Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
* Lower limb
* Superficial drainage of inferolateral quardant of trunk (inferior to umbilicus)
* Gluteal region
* Scrotum
