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GI Exam 1 > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q
  • What are the 9 quadrants in the 9 quadrant system?
A
  • Left side (top to bottom)
    • Right hypochondrium
    • Right Flank (Lateral region)
    • Right inguinal region
  • Middle (top to bottom)
    • Epigastric
    • Umbilical
    • Pubic
  • Right side (top to bottom)
    • Left hypochondrium
    • Left flank (lateral)
    • Left Inguinal
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2
Q
  • What are the 4 quadrants in the 4 quadrant system?
A
  • Right Upper Quadrant
  • Right Lower Quadrant
  • Left Upper Quadrant
  • Left Lower Quadrant
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3
Q
  • Contents of the RUQ
A
  • Liver: Right Lobe
  • Gallbladder
  • Pylorus of stomach
  • Duodenum: parts 1-3
  • Head of the Pancreas
  • Right Suprarenal gland
  • Right kidney
  • Right colic (hepatic) flexure
  • Superior ascending colon
  • Transverse colon (right half)
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4
Q
  • Contents of the RLQ
A
  • Cecum
  • Appendix
  • Ileum
  • Inferior Ascending Colon
  • Right ovary
  • Right uterine tube
  • Right ureter
  • Right spermatic cord
  • Bladder (if full)
  • Uterus (if enlarged)
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5
Q
  • Contents of the LUQ
A
  • Liver: Left Lobe
  • Spleen
  • Stomach
  • Jejunum and Proximal Ilieum
  • Pancreas (body and tail)
  • Left kidney
  • Left suprarenal gland
  • Left colic flexire
  • Transverse colon (Left half)
  • Descending colon (superior part)
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6
Q
  • Contents of the LLQ
A
  • Sigmoid Colon
  • Descending Colon: Inferior Part
  • Left Ovary
  • Left Uterine Tube
  • Left ureter
  • Left spermatic cord (abdominal part)
  • Uterus
  • Urinary bladder
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7
Q
  • Name the Following Planes
A
  • Top to Bottom
  • T9=Xiphisternal
  • T11-no name
  • L1=Transpyloric
  • L3=Subcostal
  • L4=Supracrystal
  • L5=Transtubercular (widest part of hips)
  • S2=Interspinous
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8
Q
  • Identify the layers of the anterior abdominal wall
A
  1. Skin
  2. Camper’s Fascia
  3. Scarpa’s Fascia
  4. External Oblique M.
  5. Internal Oblique M.
  6. Transversus Abdominis M.
  7. Transversalis Fascia
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9
Q
  • _ is the superficial fatty layer of the anterior abdomen
  • _ is the deep membranous layer of the anterior abdomen
A
  • Camper’s
  • Scarpa’s
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10
Q
  • _ is the layer of fascia targeted in liposuction
A

Camper’s

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11
Q
  • Name the layers of the anterior abdominal musculature
A
  • External Oblique
  • Internal Oblique
  • Transversus Abdominis

Layers including fascia:

  • Skin
  • Camper’s fascia
  • Scarpa;s fascia
  • External oblique
  • Deep fascia
  • Internal oblique
  • Deep fascia
  • Transversus abdominis
  • Endoabdominal/Transversalis fascia
  • Parietal peritoneum
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12
Q
  • Which direction do the fibers of external oblique muscles
A
  • Hands in pockets
  • Inferomedially
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13
Q
  • Fiber direction of internal oblique muscle
  • Together with external obliques, these two muscles (on opposite sides) are called _ muscles
A
  • Superolaterally
  • Strat
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14
Q
  • What muscles contribute to the formation of the linea alba
A
  • External oblique
  • Internal oblique
  • Transversus Abdominis
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15
Q
  • Where is the arcuate line located anatomically?
A
  • 1/3 of the way between umbilicus and pubic tubercle
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16
Q
  • What forms the rectus sheath above the arcuate line?
A
  • Anteriorly
    • ​External Oblique
    • Internal Oblique
  • Posteriorly
    • ​Internal Oblique
    • Transversus Abdominis
    • Transversalis fascia
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17
Q
  • What forms the rectus sheath below the arcuate line?
A
  • Anteriorly
    • _​_External oblique m.
    • Internal oblique m.
    • Transversus abdominis m.
  • Posteriorly
    • _​_Transvesalis Fascia
18
Q
  • Identify the following structures
A
  1. Investing (deep) fascia
  2. Superficial fatty layer
  3. Transversus abdominis m.
  4. Internal oblique m.
  5. External oblique m.
  6. Parietal peritoneum
  7. Extraperitoneal fat
  8. Transversalis fascia
  9. Aponeurosis of transversus abdominis
19
Q
  • The internal thoracic artery branches into what two arteries?
A
  • Superior epigastric a. (located between rectus abdominus and posterior rectus sheath)
  • Musculophrenic a.
20
Q
  • What dermatome is at the level of the umbilicus?
A

T10

21
Q
  • Nerve roots of L1
A
  • Iliohypogastric nerve
  • Ilio-inguinal nerve ​
22
Q
  • Through what two muscles do neurovascular bundles (thoracoabdominal nerves) in the anterior abdomen travel?
  • What nerve roots are these?
A
  • Internal oblique m.
  • Transversus abdominis m.
  • Anterior rami of T7-T11
23
Q
  • Function of the iliohypogastric nerve (L1)
A
  • Supplies cutaneous sensation to upper inguinal region and superior hypogastric region
24
Q
  • Function of the ilioinguinal n. (L1)
A
  • Sensation to inguinal canal
  • Sensation to anterior scrotum/anterior labia majora
  • Sensation to medial thigh
25
Q
  • What two structures does the superior epigastric artery run through?
A
  • Posterior to the rectus abdominus m and anterior to the posterior rectus sheath
26
Q
  • The inferior epigastric a. is a branch of the _ artery
  • This artery anastamoses w/ _ at the umbilicus
A
  • External iliac
  • Superior epigastric
27
Q
  • Midline incision
A

From xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

  • Tension:
    • Good for sutures
    • Bad because muscle tension will want to pull apart
  • Neurovascularly:
    • Slow to heal-limited blood supply
28
Q
  • Subcostal incision
A
  • Parallel to, but 2.5 cm inferior of costal margin
  • Tension:
    • OK
  • Neurovascular:
    • Nerve risk
    • Blood supply OK (watch for superior epigastric a.)
29
Q
  • Suprapubic incision
A
  • At pubic hair line, horizontal with slight convexity
  • Tension:
    • Not bad
  • Neurovascular:
    • Watch for L1 (iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves)
    • Watch for inferior epigastric a.
30
Q
  • Paramedian incision
A
  • From costal margin to iliac crest along linea semilunaris
  • Tension:
    • OK
  • Neurovascular:
    • De-innervating rectus abdominus
    • Cutting posterior intercostals and subcostal arteries
  • DO NOT DO THIS INCISION UNLESS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY
31
Q
  • Name the incisions
A
  1. Subcostal
  2. Midline
  3. Suprapubic
  4. Paramedian
32
Q
  • Name that hernia
A
  1. Epigastric
  2. Umbilical
  3. Incisional
  4. Inguinal
  5. Spigelian
  6. Femoral
33
Q
  • Umbilical hernias common in _ population
  • Epigastric hernias are located in _ superior to the _
  • Spigelian hernias are located in _ and are RARE
A
  • Newborn
  • Linea alba, umbilicus
  • Linea semilunaris
34
Q
  • What compromises the superficial lymphatics of the anterior abdomen?
A
  • Superficial inguinal lymph
  • to
  • Parasternal lymph
  • to
  • Axillary lymph
35
Q
  • Deep lymphatics of the anterior abdomen
A
  • External iliac
  • to
  • Common Iliac
  • to
    Lumbar (caval or aortic nodes)
36
Q
  • Identify the structures of the internal surface of the anterior abdomen
A
  1. Medial inguinal fossa
  2. Supravesicular fossa
  3. Arcuate line
  4. Medial umbilical fold
  5. Median umbilical fold
37
Q
  • The median umbilical fold is a remnant of what embryological structure?
A
  • Urachus (which was the allantois)
38
Q
  • The medial umbilical fold is the remnant of what embryological structure?
A
  • Umbilical arteries
39
Q
  • Function of the lateral umbilical fold
A
  • Covers inferior epigastric vessels
40
Q
  • Medial inguinal fossae involved in _ hernias
  • Lateral inguinal fossae involved in _ hernias
A
  • Direct
  • Indirect

GI Exam 1 (10 decks)

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