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GI Exam #1 > Inguinal Canal > Flashcards

Inguinal Canal Flashcards

1
Q

Inguinal ligament borders:

A

Inferior border of external oblique aponeurosis.

Attaches to the ASIS and pubic tubercle.

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2
Q

Conjoint tendon (Inguinal falx)

A

Combined aponeurosis of inferior/medial margins of internal oblique and transversus abdominal muscle inserting into the pubis.

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3
Q

Superficial ring

A

External opening within aponeurosis for spermatic cord or round ligament.

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4
Q

Crural fibers (3)

A

Medial crus
Lateral crus
Intercrural fibers

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5
Q

Lacunar ligament

A

Ligament between pubic rami and Inguinal l.

Anchors Inguinal ligament to pubis.

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6
Q

Pectineal ligament

A

Continuation of fibers from lacunar ligament running along pectin pubis.

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7
Q

Deep Inguinal ring

A

Entrance to Inguinal canal and beginning of the invagination of peritoneum into transversalis fascia.
Superior to Inguinal ligament and lateral to inferior epigastric a.

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8
Q

What passes thru the deep Inguinal ring?

A

Vas deferens and gonadal vessels/nerves in males.

Round ligament in females.

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9
Q

Superficial Inguinal ring

A

Where spermatic cord or round ligament exit from the canal.

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10
Q

Abdominal layers - superficial to deep (6)

A 
External oblique aponeurosis
Internal oblique m.
Transversus abdominis m.
Transversalis fascia
Parietal peritoneum
Inguinal l.
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11
Q

Iliopubic tract

A

Thickening of transversalis fascia running posterior to Inguinal l.

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12
Q

Iliohypogastric n. (L1) function

A

Motor to abdominal ms. (IO and TA)

Sensory to skin above pubis.

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13
Q

Ilioinguinal n. (L1) function

A

Motor to abdominals (IO and TA)

Skin over upper/medial thigh and skin at root of penis/clitoris and anterior scrotum/labia.

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14
Q

Genital branch of the genitofemoral n. (L1, L2) function

A

Motor to cremasteric m.

Sensory to small part of medial thigh and scrotal/labial fascia.

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15
Q

Gonadal descent (4)

A

Gonads form near T10 axial level.
Gonads are connected to future scrotal swellings by gubernaculum.
Descent along with processes vaginalis into future scrotum.
Connection to peritoneum closed. Tunica vaginalis represents the remains of processes vaginalis around the testes.

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16
Q

Which layers of the abdominal will become spermatic cord? (3)

A

Transversalis fascia
Internal oblique m.
External oblique m.

17
Q

Processus vaginalis

A

Evagination of peritoneal cavity.

Communication usually closes within 1 year postnatal.

18
Q

Cryptorchid testes

A

Undescended testes. Increases risk of developing testicular cancer.

19
Q

How is the spermatic cord formed?

A

The gonad herniates from abdomen (along with its blood supply and vas deferens) and carries layers of the abdominal wall w/ it.

20
Q

External oblique muscle becomes:

A

External spermatic fascia

21
Q

Internal oblique muscle becomes:

A

Cremasteric muscle

22
Q

Transversalis fascia becomes:

A

Internal spermatic fascia

23
Q

Testicular varicocele

A

From varicosities of pampiniform plexus.

Swelling in scrotum w/ dull and recurrent scrotal pain.

24
Q

Persistent processus vaginalis

A

Patent connection between tunica vaginalis and abdomen.

25
Q

Hydrocele

A

Peritoneal fluid accumulation within tunica vaginalis.
More common in babies.
In adults, presents as inflammation/injury of scrotum, testes, epididymis.
Communicating and non-communicating types.

26
Q

Hematocele

A

Accumulation of blood in tunica vaginalis.

27
Q

Presentation of hydrocele:

How is it detected?

A

Swollen scrotum due to accumulation of peritoneal serous fluid.
Trans-illumination.

28
Q

Ovarian descent (3)

A

Begins descending, but gubernaculum becomes attached to developing uterus.
Gubernaculum forms ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus.
Round ligament of the uterus enters deep ring and exits superficial ring attaching to labial swellings.

29
Q

Female Inguinal ligament contents (3)

A

Round ligament of uterus.
Ilioinguinal n.
Genital branch of the genitofemoral n.

30
Q

Lymph drainage of scrotum/labia

A

Drains into superficial Inguinal nodes and eventually lumbar nodes.

31
Q

Folds/ligaments of posterior aspect of anterior abdominal wall (3)

A

Median: remnant of urachus.
Medial: remnant of distal-most portion of umbilical as.
Lateral: fold due to inferior epigastric arteries and veins.

32
Q

Iliopubic tract

A

Thickened transversalis fascia running posterior to Inguinal ligament.
Reinforces floor of Inguinal canal.

33
Q

Direct hernia

A

Medial to inferior epigastric a.

Peritoneum/transversalis fascia outside of spermatic cord.

34
Q

Indirect hernia

A

Enters deep ring.

Peritoneum within spermatic cord.

35
Q

Femoral hernia

A

Below Inguinal ligament.
More common in women.
40% present as emergencies w/ incarceration/strangulation.

GI Exam #1 (10 decks)

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