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GI Exam #1 > Histology of the SI and LI > Flashcards

Histology of the SI and LI Flashcards

1
Q

Plicae circulares

A

Transverse folds with a submucosal core.

Visible in jejunum, less so in ileum.

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2
Q

Enterocytes

A

Simple columnar cells that produce enzymes for digestion.

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3
Q

Goblet cells

A

Secrete mucous for protection from abrasion.

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4
Q

Enterocyte microvilli

A

‘Striated border’

Glycocalyx coat assists in nutrient uptake.

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5
Q

What permits contraction of microvilli?

A

Terminal web

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6
Q

Innervation of SI/LI

A 
ANS (motility)
Enteric NS (submucosal plexus of Meissner and myenteric plexus of Auerbach)
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7
Q

Simple tubular glands have (5)

A 
Simple columnar epithelium
Enteroendocrine cells
Paneth cells
Intestinal stem cells
M cells
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8
Q

Enteroendocrine cell

A

Secretes peptide hormones to control gut motility, regulate secretion of enzymes, HCl, bile, etc.

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9
Q

Paneth cells

A

Pyramid cells at base of glands.
Function in innate immunity by secreting antibiotic substances.
May be found in small numbers, but increase when there is pathology.

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10
Q

Intestinal stem cells reside:

A

In a niche at crypt base near Paneth cells

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11
Q

M cells

A

Overlie Peyer’s patches.
Has microfolds and thin glycocalyx.
Houses immune cells.

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12
Q

M cells function as: “ “

A

Ag-transporting cells. The express receptors specific for macromolecules and gram-negative bacteria.

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13
Q

Hallmarks of duodenum (3)

A

Brunner’s glands in submucosa.
Leaf-like villi.
Tubular intestinal glands in mucosa.

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14
Q

Hallmarks of jejunum (3)

A

No submucosal glands.
Elongated, fingerlike villi.
Tubular intestinal glands in mucosa.

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15
Q

Hallmarks of ileum (3)

A

Peyer’s patches.
Fingerlike villi.
Tubular intestinal glands in mucosa.

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16
Q

Ileocecal junction is noted by:

A

Abrupt transition from villi of SI to glandular epithelium of LI.

17
Q

What is special about the ileocecal valve?

A

It has a thickened muscularis mucosae to limit reflux back into the ileum. Muscularis externa may also be thickened.

18
Q

Hallmark of the LI

A

Intestinal glands, gobelt cells and NO intestinal villi.

19
Q

Veriform appendix

A

Diverticulum of cecum.
Mucosa of simple columnar epithelium and goblet cells.
Submucosa contains dense irregular CT and adipocytes.
Covered in serosa.

20
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease

A

“Aganglionosis” in distal colon.

Mutation in RET gene needed for migration of NCC.

21
Q

Short segment HD

A

85% of cases. Confined to rectosigmoid region.

22
Q

Long segment HD

A

10% of cases. Extends past rectosigmoid region to splenic flexure.

23
Q

Total colonic aganglionosis HD

A

5% of cases. Affects entire colon.

24
Q

Presentation of HD

TTM of HD

A

Constipation, poor feeding, abdominal distention.

Surgical removal of colon segment.

25
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease presentation

A

Diarrhea, pain, periodic relapses.

26
Q

Ulcerative colitis affects:

Crohn’s disease affects:

A

Mucosa of LI.

Anywhere along intestinal tract.

27
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Chronic inflammation involving terminal ileum, but also in LI.
Cytokines cause damage.
Neutrophils infiltrate crypts of Lieberkuhn causing progressive atrophy.

28
Q

Rectum proper

A

Upper part.

Typical mucosa w/ tubular intestinal glands, transverse rectal folds.

29
Q

Anal canal includes (3)

A

Anal columns
Anal sinuses - depressions between columns.
Anal glands - extends in submucosa, muscularis externa.

30
Q

Circumanal glands

A

Large apocrine glands surrounding anal orifice.

31
Q

Colorectal zone epithelium

A

Simple columnar epithelium.

32
Q

Anal transition zone (ATZ) epithelial transition

A

Simple columnar to stratified squamous of perianal skin.

33
Q

Squamous zone

A

Stratified squamous epithelium continuous w/ perineal skin.

34
Q

Progression of anal canal

A

Colorectal zone
ATZ
Squamous zone

GI Exam #1 (10 decks)

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