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GI Exam #1 > GI Organs > Flashcards

GI Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Level of:
Esophagus
Stomach
Pylorus

A

Esophagus - T10-11
Stomach - T11
Pylorus - L1

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2
Q

Esophagus is attached to the diagphragm via:

A

Phrenico-esophageal ligament

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3
Q

Where does the esophagus enter the cardial orifice of the stomach?

A

T11

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4
Q

Where does the esophagus pass thru the right crus of the diaphragm at?

A

T10

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5
Q

4 Esophageal constrictions:

A

Cricopharyngeal muscle
Aorta
Left main bronchus
Esophageal hiatus (T10)

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6
Q

Paraesophageal hiatal hernia (3)

A

Normal GEJ
Fundus protrudes into thorax
Less chance of GERD

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7
Q

Sliding hiatal hernia (4)

A

GEJ displaced superiorly
Cardia protrudes
“Hourglass” stomach
Most common

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8
Q

Anatomy of the stomach (8)

A 
Esophagus
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric antrum
Pyloric canal
Pylorus
Duodenum
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9
Q

What is anterior to the stomach? (3)

A

Diaphragm
Left lobe of liver
Anterior abdominal wall

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10
Q

What lies inferolateral to the stomach? (1)

A

Transverse colon

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11
Q

What is posterior to the stomach? (6)

A 
Diaphragm
Spleen
Kidney
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Omental bursa
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12
Q

The gastrohepatic l. connects:

A

Lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver.

Gastric vessels.

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13
Q

The gastrocolic l. connects:

A

Greater curvature to transverse colon.
Gastroepiplotic vessels.
Part of greater omentum.

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14
Q

Gastric ulcers (2)

A

Stomach

70% related to H. pylori

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15
Q

Duodenal ulcers (3)

A

Pylorus or duodenum
90% related to H. pylori
65% occur in posterior wall of 1st part of duodenum

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16
Q

Complications of duodenal ulcers (4)

A

Hemorrhage from gastroduodenal a.
Adhesions w/ Gb, liver.
Perforation into peritoneal space.
Affected pancrease.

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17
Q

Ulcer in the lesser curvature can cause:

A

Hemorrhage from left gastric a.

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18
Q

Vagotomy

A

Surgical TTM for GERD.

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19
Q

Locations of 4 parts of duodenum

A

1st: L1
2nd: L2-L3 on right
3rd: anterior to L3
4th: superior to about L2

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20
Q

Ligament of Treitz

A

Suspends Duodenojejunal flexure

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21
Q

Most of the jejunum exists in which quadrant?

A

LUQ

22
Q

Most of the ileum exists in which quadrant?

A

RLQ

23
Q

How are the jejunum and ileum attached to the posterior wall?

A

A mesentery that begins at L2 and ends at L5 (ileocecal junction).

24
Q

Vascularity of jejunum vs. ileum:

A

Jejunum: greater, long vasa recta, few large arcade loops.
Ileum: less, short vasa recta, many short arcade loops.

25
Q

Which has more fat and LNs: jejunum or ileum?

A

Ileum

26
Q

Meckel diverticulum

A

Most common anomaly of GI tract.
Persistent vitelline duct.
Can contain ectopic gastric or pancreatic tissue.
Most common cause of intussusception.

27
Q

What is the “Rule of 2s” of Meckel Diverticulum?

A 
2x more likely in males.
2 in. long.
2 ft. from ileocecal valve.
2% of population.
Common in first 2 yrs of life.
2 types of epithelia may be present.
28
Q

Intussusception

A

A part of the proximal bowel slides into a distal segment.
Common at ileocecal jxn.
Mostly in kids.
Idiopathic, Meckel (kids) and tumor (adults)

29
Q

Ileocecal jxn is at which plane?

A

L5 - transtubercular plane

30
Q

Lower edge of ascending colon is at which plane?

A

S2 - interspinous plane

31
Q

Which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal?

A

Descending and ascending colon

32
Q

Sigmoid colon occurs from:

A

Iliac fossa to S3

33
Q

Sigmoid colon has a:

A

Long mesentery

34
Q

Volvulus

A

Rotation of a loop of bowel (usually sigmoid colon).
Can cause constipation, ischemia, necrosis.
“Coffee bean” sign on XR.

35
Q

Liver location

A

Top is at xiphisternal plane and follows subcostal line.

Will move inferiorly on inspiration.

36
Q

Falciform l. separates:

A

Separates R and L lobes of the liver and connect liver to anterior wall.

37
Q

2 accessory lobes of the liver

A 
Quadrate lobe (left hemi-liver)
Caudate lobe (functionally separate)
38
Q

Round ligament of the liver is a remnant of:

A

Umbilical vein

39
Q

Ligamentum venosum is a remnant of:

A

Ductus venosus

40
Q

Hepatoduodenal l. contains (3):

A

Proper hepatic a.
Bile duct
Portal v.
Connects liver to duodenum.

41
Q

Cantlie line

A

Imagined from fundus of Gb to diaphragm in the right lobe.

42
Q

Divisions of the liver (4)

A 
RL:
Right lateral
Right medial
Left medial
LL:
Left lateral
43
Q

Gallbladder is located between which segments of the liver?

A

IV and V.

44
Q

Cystic duct

A

Connects common bile duct to the Gb.

45
Q

Common bile duct empties into:

A

Ampulla of Vater in 2nd part of duodenum w/ pancreatic duct.

46
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

50% asymptomatic
Can be caused by gallstones.
Female, 40, fertile.

47
Q

Murphy’s sign for cholelithiasis

A

Palpate RUQ and have pt. inhale.

Sudden halt to inspiration due to pain is a + sign.

48
Q

Choledocolithiasis is due to:

A

Obstruction of common bile duct.

49
Q

Gallstone ileus is due to:

A

Obstruction of the ileocecal jxn by a gallstone.

50
Q

Location of spleen

A

LUQ

51
Q

Spleen’s relationship to other organs (stomach, diaphragm/ribs, L kidney)

A

Stomach is anterior.
Diaphragm and ribs 9-11 are posterior.
Left kidney is medial

52
Q

Splenic ligaments (2)

A

Splenorenal l. (splenic a.)

Gastrosplenic l. (short gastric as.)

GI Exam #1 (10 decks)

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