Infredian and Ultradian Rhythms

Question 1

Infradian rhythms

Answer 1

Occur less than once every day

Question 2

Circadian rhythms

Answer 2

Occur on a annual basis

Question 3

Circadian rhythms examples

Answer 3

Severe depression during the winter months
SAD
The menstrual cycle

Question 4

McClintock and Stern date

Answer 4

1998

Question 5

what did McClintock and Stern do?

Answer 5

when women received odorless compounds from other women’s armpits, wiped across their upper lip, it changed their cycle and synced them

Question 6

McClintock and Stern results

Answer 6

68% had a change in their cycle closer to the doners

Question 7

McClintock and Stern conclusion

Answer 7

infradian rhythm can be affected via pheromones

Question 8

other factors that can affect a women’s cycle

Answer 8

stress

change in diet

Question 9

McClintock and Stern weaknesses

Answer 9

they only used a small sample
the results they got could have been done by chance due to other factors
the participants self report their cycle

Question 10

Ultradian Rhythms

Answer 10

more then one cycle in 24 hours

Question 11

examples of ultradian rhythm

Answer 11

urination
bowel activity
appetite

Question 12

which ultradian rhythm is the most researched in humans

Answer 12

sleep

Question 13

how many sleep cycles do we go through in one night

Answer 13

five - ranging between light and deep sleep

Question 14

stage 5 is when people have

Answer 14

REM sleep

Question 15

how is REM sleep characterized?

Answer 15

virtual paralysis and often called paradoxial sleep because the brain shows high levels of activity

Question 16

during REM sleep, the brain is very active - what is it supposedly doing?

Answer 16

dreaming

Question 17

when is someone most difficult to wake

Answer 17

when they’re going through REM sleep

Question 18

Stage 1

Answer 18

Alpha waves in the EEG
a state of drowsiness
reduction in heart rate and muscle tension

Question 19

Stage 2

Answer 19

EEG waves become slower and larger but with short bursts of high frequency sleep spindles

Question 20

Stage 3

Answer 20

similar to stage 3 but many slow delta waves with some sleep spindles

Question 21

Stage 4

Answer 21

deeper sleep

long delta waves in similar amounts in previous stages

Question 22

Stage 5

Answer 22

REM sleep
low muscle movement
often called paradocical sleep because brain shows high levels of activity
most difficult stage to wake someone from

Question 23

how long does the sleep cycle take to complete?

Answer 23

90 minutes

Question 24

after stage 5 is completed, what happens next?

Answer 24

the cycle is reversed - 4, 3, 2

Question 25

Dement and Kleitman date

Answer 25

1957

Question 26

what did Dement and Kleitman do?

Answer 26

monitored nine adults sleep in a sleep lab - their brainwaves were monitored on an EEG and their alcohol and caffeine consumption

Question 27

when Dement and Kleitman’s nine participants were dreaming, they were woken - what happened?

Answer 27

they were able to vividly recall their dreams

Question 28

Randy Gardner date

Answer 28

1964

Question 29

what did Randy Gardner do?

Answer 29

he stayed awake for 11 days

Question 30

after Randy Gardner’s experiment, what did he do?

Answer 30

he slept for 15 hours

Question 31

while Randy Gardner slept for 15 hours, he got mostly

Answer 31

stages 4+5 sleep

Question 32

Randy Gardner proves that

Answer 32

ultradian cycles can conform to provide the necessary stage 4+5 sleep