Infrared, Bluetooth, and NFC Facts

Question 1

Bluetooth

Answer 1

is designed to allow devices to communicate within a personal area network (PAN) of close proximity.

Question 2

examples of pan devices are:

Answer 2

-cell phones
-personal digital assistants (PDAs)
-printers
-mice
-keyboards

Question 3

Bluetooth:

Answer 3

-is designed for longer distances than infrared (IR) and has lower power consumption.
-requires that devices are in discovery mode to find each and synchronize.
-operates in the 2.4 GHz range and uses adaptive frequency hopping (AFH).
-by using AFH, Bluetooth can automatically detect other devices in the area and avoid the frequencies used by those devices.
-it can switch between 79 channels to avoid interference.
-uses a 128-bit proprietary encryption mechanism to encrypt signals.

Question 4

The range of a Bluetooth is determined by its class:

Answer 4

-Class 1 devices can transmit up to 100 meters.
-Class 2 devices can transmit up to 10 meters.
-Class 3 devices transmit at a range less than 10 meters.

Question 5

Bluetooth v1

Answer 5

Operates at a range of 10 meters and speeds up to 1 Mbps.

Question 6

bluetooth v2

Answer 6

Operates at a range up to 30 meters and speeds up to 1 Mbps.
A special mode called Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) enables transfer rates up to 3 Mbps.

Question 7

bluetooth v3

Answer 7

-Operates at a range up to 30 meters and speeds up to 1 Mbps.
-A special mode known as High Speed (HS) allows the Bluetooth device to use a nearby 802.11 link to achieve speeds up to 24 Mbps.

Question 8

bluetooth v4

Answer 8

-Operates at a range up to 60 meters and speeds up to 1 Mbps (24 Mbps when using High Speed mode).
-Version 4.0 introduced the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) standard.
-BLE reduces the power consumption of Bluetooth devices.

Question 9

bluetooth v5

Answer 9

-Operates at a range up to 240 meters and speeds up to 2 Mbps (48 Mbps when using High Speed mode).
-Bluetooth 5 improves the performance of BLE devices.
-It also introduced the dual audio feature which allows audio to play simultaneously on two connected devices.

Question 10

The process of connecting two Bluetooth devices is called:

Answer 10

pairing

Question 11

Bluetooth uses a typical client/server relationship between two devices. The client (peripheral) device connects to the server (central) device.
For example, headphones (client) connect to a phone (server).

Answer 11

facts

Question 12

Bluetooth devices use a protocol called _____ to perform the pairing process and exchange data.

Answer 12

Object Exchange (OBEX)

Question 13

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)

Answer 13

uses radio waves to transmit data from small circuit boards called RFID tags to special scanners.

Question 14

There are two types of RFID tags:

Answer 14

-Active RFID
-Passive RFID

Question 15

_____ RFID tags have on-board batteries and can send signals over a long distance. Toll passes in vehicles use active RFID.

Answer 15

Active

Question 16

_____ RFID are not powered and rely on the energy transferred by the scanner to transmit data. ID badges, credit cards, and similar devices use these tags.

Answer 16

Passive

Question 17

RFID systems are vulnerable to various kinds of attacks, including:

Answer 17

-Eavesdropping
-On-path attack
-Denial of service
-Cloning and spoofing

Question 18

An attacker uses an RFID reader to listen to conversations between a tag and the intended reader.

Answer 18

Eavesdropping

Question 19

An attacker intercepts a signal from an RFID tag and manipulates the signal before sending it to the intended recipient. This kind of attack is frequently used to take down a system.

Answer 19

On-path attack

Question 20

An attacker blocks radio signals or jams the system with interfering noise.

Answer 20

Denial of service

Question 21

An attacker creates a copy of an existing tag, then uses the fake tag to gain access to a secure system.

Answer 21

Cloning and spoofing

Question 22

To protect against these attacks, RFID chips often operate at different frequencies. This makes it more difficult for an attacker to find and scan them. (true/false)

Answer 22

true

Question 23

NFC (near field communication)

Answer 23

-is a newer technology that is built on RFID
- allows two-way communication between two devices that are within 2 inches of each other

Question 24

facts about NFC: (1/3)

Answer 24

-NFC operates in the 13.56 MHz frequency. It has a maximum transmission speed of 424 Kbps.
-Special chips called NFC chips can send, receive, and store data.

Question 25

facts about NFC: (2/3)

Answer 25

Devices using NFC operate in one of three modes:
-Reader/writer mode is used to read information stored on an NFC chip.
-Peer-to-Peer mode enables two devices to communicate and exchange information.
-Card Emulation mode enables the device to function as a smart card to perform contactless payment or ticketing. This mode is typically used by smart phones.

Question 26

facts about NFC: (3/3)

Answer 26

Data transmissions can be secured by using encryption algorithms.

Question 27

To connect two devices: (1/5)

Answer 27

1) The client device is put in discoverable mode. This means that other nearby Bluetooth devices can see the device.

Question 28

To connect two devices: (2/5)

Answer 28

2) The server device sees the client device and sends a pairing request to begin the pairing process.

Question 29

To connect two devices: (3/5)

Answer 29

3) A security passkey is exchanged between the two devices to confirm the correct devices are being paired. The passkey can be pre-programmed or manually created depending on the devices being paired.

Question 30

To connect two devices: (4/5)

Answer 30

4) If the passkey matches, the two devices are paired.

Question 31

To connect two devices: (5/5)

Answer 31

5) Once paired, the devices remember each other and automatically connect in the future. The pairing process does not need to repeat.