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Nipissing U > Information Systems EXAM > Flashcards

Information Systems EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Strategic Business objectives of information systems

A
  1. operational excellence
  2. new products, services & business models
  3. customer supplier intimacy
  4. improved decision making
  5. competitive advantage
  6. survival
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2
Q

Business processes

A

The manner in which work is organized, coordinated, and focused to produce a valuable product or service. May be assets or liabilities

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3
Q

Enterprise systems

A

Collect data from different functions and store data in a single central database. Resolve problem of fragmented, redundant data.

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4
Q

Supply chain management systems

A

Manage the firm’s relationships with suppliers.

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5
Q

Customer relationship management systems

A

Provide information to coordinate all of the business processes that deal with customers in sales, marketing, and service to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention.

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6
Q

IT governance

A

Strategies and policies for using IT in the organization.

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7
Q

Agency theory

A

The firm is a nexus of contracts among self-interested parties requiring supervision. It can reduce agency costs.

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8
Q

Postindustrial organizations

A

Organizations flatten because in postindustrial societies, authority relies on knowledge and competence rather than formal positions

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9
Q

Five competitive forces

A

Traditional competitors
new market entrants
substitutes
customers
suppliers

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10
Q

IS strategies for dealing with competitive forces

A

low-cost leadership
differentiation
focus on market niche
strengthen customer and supplier intimacy

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11
Q

Business Value Chain Model

A

The firm is viewed as a series of activities that add value to products or services. Includes primary and support activities.

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12
Q

The value web

A

A firm’s value chain is linked to the value chain of its suppliers, distributors, and customers

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13
Q

Business Ecosystem

A

Industry sets of firms providing services/products

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14
Q

Keystone firms

A

Dominate the ecosystem and create platforms used by other firms

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15
Q

Niche firms

A

Rely on platforms developed by keystone firms

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16
Q

Individual firms

A

Consider how IT will enable them to become profitable niche players in larger ecosystems

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17
Q

Metcalfe’s law and network economics

A

The value of a network grows exponentially as a function of the number of network members

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18
Q

Scalability

A

Ability to expand to serve larger number of users

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19
Q

Data redundancy

A

The presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so that the same data is stored in more than one place

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20
Q

Data inconsistency

A

The same attribute may have different values

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21
Q

Relational DBMS

A

Represents data as two-dimensional tables called relations and relates data across tables based on common data elements

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22
Q

Operations of a relational DBMS

A

Select: creates a subset of rows that meet specific criteria
Join: combines relational tables to provide users with information
Project: enables users to create new tables containing only relevant information

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23
Q

Data warehouse

A

stores current and historical data from many core operational transaction systems

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24
Q

Data marts

A

Subset of the data warehouse. Summarized or highly focused portion of firm’s data for use by specific population of users

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25
Q

Data mining

A

Tools for analyzing large pools of data. Find hidden patterns and infer rules to predict trends

26
Q

Text mining

A

extracts key elements from large unstructured data sets

27
Q

Web mining

A

The discovery and analysis of useful patterns and information from the world wide web

28
Q

Sentiment analysis

A

Mines text comments in an email message, blog, social media conversation or survey to detect favourable and unfavourable opinions

29
Q

Data quality audit

A

Structured survey of the accuracy and completeness of data in an information system

30
Q

Data cleansing

A

Consists of activities for detecting and correcting data in an IS

31
Q

Client/server computing

A

Distributed computing model. Clients are linked though network controlled by network server computer. The internet is the largest implementation of client/server computing/

32
Q

Protocols

A

Rules that govern the transmission of information between two points

33
Q

Hypertext transfer protocol

A

Communications standard used for transferring web pages

34
Q

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

A

Uses tiny tags with embedded microchips containing data about an item and location, and antenna

35
Q

Security

A

Policies, procedures, and technical measures used to prevent unauthorized access, alteration, theft, or physical damage to IS

36
Q

Controls

A

Methods, policies, and organizational procedures that ensure safety of organization’s assets & operational adherence to management standards

37
Q

Computer viruses

A

Rogue software programs that attach to other programs in order to be executed, usually without user knowledge or permission

38
Q

Worms

A

Programs that copy themselves from one computer to another over networks

39
Q

Trojan Horse

A

A software program that appears to be benign but then does something unexpected. Often transports a virus into a computer system

40
Q

SQL injection attacks

A

Hackers submit data to web forms that exploits site’s unprotected software and sends rogue SQL query to database

41
Q

Spyware

A

Keylogging records keystroked made on a keyboard, can steal passwords etc.

42
Q

Spoofing

A

masquerading as someone else or redirecting a web link to an unintended address

43
Q

Sniffing

A

an eavesdropping program that monitors information travelling over a network

44
Q

Social engineering

A

Tricking employees into revealing their passwords

45
Q

Business continuity planning

A

Focuses on how the company can restore business operations after a disaster strikes

46
Q

Public key encryption

A

Uses two different keys, one private and one public which are mathematically related so that data encrypted with one key can be decrypted using the other

47
Q

Enterprise Systems

A

Suite of integrated software modules and a common central database

48
Q

Supply chain

A

A network of organizations and business processes for procuring raw materials, transforming these materials into intermediate and finished products and distributing the finished products to customers

49
Q

Bullwhip effect

A

Information about product demand gets distorted as it passes from one entity to next across supply chain

50
Q

Pushed-based supply chains

A

Production master schedules are based on forecasts or best guesses of demand and products are pushed to customers

51
Q

Pull-based supply chains

A

aka demand-driven or build-to-order model. Actual customer orders trigger events in the supply chain

52
Q

Business value of SCM systems

A

match supply to demand
reduce inventory levels
improve delivery service
speed product time to market
use assets more effectively
reduced supply chain costs
increased sales

53
Q

Touch point

A

A method of interaction with the customer

54
Q

Operational CRM

A

Customer-facing applications such as a call centre and customer service support

55
Q

Analytical CRM

A

Based on data warehouses that consolidate the data for analysis

56
Q

Churn rate

A

Number of customers who stop using or purchasing products or services from a company

57
Q

E-commerce revenue models

A

Advertising
sales
subscription
free/freemium
transaction fee
affiliate

58
Q

Four main global strategies

A

domestic exporter
multinational
franchisers
transnational

59
Q

Three main kinds of organizational structure

A

centralized in the home country
Decentralized/ dispersed to local foreign units
Coordinated- all units are equals

60
Q

Four main types of systems configuration

A

Centralized
duplicated (development at home base, operations foreign)
decentralized (each foreign unit designs own systems)
Networked (development + operations occur in coordinated fashion across all units)

Nipissing U (15 decks)

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