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Psychology > Information processing and skill aquisition > Flashcards

Information processing and skill aquisition Flashcards

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1
Q

Motor behaviour

A

Motor behaviour describes any motor action that is used to achieve a task or
goal.

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2
Q

Motor control

A

Perception and action

How we take in information and create movement)

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3
Q

Motor learning

A

How we learn and retain movement skills

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4
Q

Motor development

A

How we refine skills to become elite at performing them

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5
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

Brains ability to change its structure and function

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6
Q

Human performance model

A

Input
Executive
Effector
Output

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7
Q

What are the names of the psychologists that created the human performance model

A

Schmidt and Weisberg

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8
Q

What are the 3 levels of the executive part of the model

A
  • Stimulus identification (senses)
  • Response Selection
  • Response Programming
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9
Q

What are the 3 levels of the effector

A
  • Motor programme
  • Spinal cord
  • Muscle
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10
Q

Perception (stimulus identification) part of the model

A

Individual uses all their senses to search and absorb and interpret the environmental stimuli

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11
Q

What impacts the speed of a stimulus (5)

A
  • Familiarity
  • Experience
  • Number of stimuli
  • Practice
  • Signal intensity
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12
Q

Response selection (decision making) part of the model

A
  • The selection of one option from a set of 2 or more options
  • Then the individual selects an appropriate response from several options
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13
Q

Memory and information processing

A

Perception and decision making is dependent on the comparison of the present situation, held in the STM, with similar past experiences stored in the LTM

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14
Q

Response programming (Action)

A

The brain retrieves and organises a plan of action (motor program or schema) to control and direct the response

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15
Q

Motor program

A

A set of motor commands that is pre-structured at the executive level and that defines the essential details of a skilled action

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16
Q

The effector

A

Responsible for carrying out the instructions within from the schema and runs the motor program

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17
Q

What are the key pathways in the effector mechanisms

A
  • CNS
  • PNS
  • Neuromuscular junction
  • Muscle fibrilis
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18
Q

Skill aquisition

A

Is the science that underpins movement learning and execution and is more commonly termed motor learning and control

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19
Q

Learning

A

A set of internal processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for skill

20
Q

What are the 2 types of learning

A
  • Implicit learning
  • Explicit learning
21
Q

Explicit learning

A

Learner consciously set out to learn the skill

22
Q

Implicit learning

A
  • Subconscious learning
  • Being exposed to a skill while not consciously paying attention to it
23
Q

What are the 2 types of knowledge?

A
  1. Declarative knowledge
  2. Procedural knowledge
24
Q

Declarative knowledge

A

Knowing what to do

25
Q

Procedural knowledge

A

Is being able to do the skill which is developed through practice

26
Q

What are Fitts and posners 3 stages of learning

A
  1. Cognitive
  2. Fixation
  3. Autonomous
27
Q

Cognitive learning

A

What actions need to be taken to achieve the goal

28
Q

Fixation learning

A

Subtle changes and adjustments to new motor pattern to allow a more effective performance of the skill

29
Q

Autonomous learning

A

Task can be performed with less interference from other ongoing activities

30
Q

How do we measure learning

A

Performance curves

31
Q

What are the 8 types of practice

A
  1. Massed
  2. Distributed
  3. Whole
  4. Part
  5. Whole-part-whole
  6. Blocked
  7. Serial
  8. Random
32
Q

Massed practice

A

Where the time between trails is shorter than the time taken to undertake the task

33
Q

What are the limitations of massed practice

A

Danger of boredom and fatigue affecting performance

34
Q

Distributed practice

A

Where the break or rest time between trails is greater than the time taken to undertake the task

35
Q

What are the limitations of distributed practice

A

Danger of being seen as a waste of time or lacking intensity

36
Q

Whole practice

A

Develops technique and decision making as you practice the skill as a whole

37
Q

What are the limitations of whole practice

A

Overload of information which may impact performance

38
Q

Part practice

A

Develops technique without undue stress and overload as you breakdown the skill into parts and move on when that section is learned

39
Q

What are the limitations of part practice

A

Performers fail to understand when and where to use the skills with in the wider context of the sport

40
Q

Whole-part-whole practice

A

Whole and part practice combined

41
Q

Blocked practice

A

Learner practices one skill continuously with no interference from the performance of other skills

42
Q

What are the benefits of blocked practice

A

Higher short term performance gains

43
Q

Serial practice

A

Learner practices a series of skills in order for a set number of trials

44
Q

What are the benefits of serial practice

A

Higher long term performance gains, transfer and retention

45
Q

Random practice

A

Athlete will perform two or more skills having random trials on each skill

46
Q

What are the benefits of random practice

A

Cognitively demanding and helps decision making

47
Q

Specificity of practice

A
  • Deliberate practice
  • Make it real and specific to the demands of the task and the context within which the task will be performed

Psychology (4 decks)

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