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Psychology > Feedback > Flashcards

Feedback Flashcards

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1
Q

Feedback

A

All sensory information that people can be received during and after a movement

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2
Q

Functions of feedback (3)

A
  1. Error correction
  2. Reinforcement behaviour
  3. Psychological state enhancement
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3
Q

Processing feedback

A

Feedback is sent to the executive part of the brain where the actual outcome is compared in the comparator with the desired outcome

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4
Q

Open loop control

A
  • A type of control that involves the use of centrally determined pre-structured demands sent to the effector system
  • Without feedback
  • Used by individuals to control rapid discrete movements
  • Advance instructions sent only once
  • Programme is initiated and executed
  • No capability to detect errors
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5
Q

Closed loop control

A
  • A type of control that involves the use of feedback and the activity of error detection and correction processes to maintain the desired goal
  • Slow deliberate movements
  • Decision making
  • Information may be sent in ‘waves’
  • Feedback is always available
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6
Q

Closed loop control type 2

A
  • The comparator is a system that helps with error detection by comparing the current movement patterns with previous ones
  • A mismatch in these results in motor reorganisation and correction of the movement
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7
Q

Inherent/intrinsic feedback

A
  • Sensory information that arises as a natural consequence of producing a movement
  • Can require no evaluation at all
  • Requires a learned reference of correctness
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8
Q

Types of Inherent/intrinsic feedback (4)

A
  1. Interoception
  2. Balance
  3. Proprioception
  4. Kinaesthesis
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9
Q

Interoception

A

From within the body

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10
Q

Balance

A

Organs in the middle ear (vestibular apparatus) send messages to the CNS that relate to turning, tripping, and inverting the body

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11
Q

Proprioception

A
  • Proprioception enables us to know where our limbs are in space without looking
  • Sensory information within the body
  • Reduce injury risk by the feel of movements
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12
Q

Muscle spindles

A
  • Sensitive to change in length and speed of change in fibres
  • Feedback loop with the brain from the muscle to the brain, then back to the muscle via Gamma motor neurons
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13
Q

Golgi tendon organs

A
  • Detect prolonged change in tension
  • Protection of muscle tissue
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14
Q

The vestibular

A

Located in the inner ear which helps with balance and posture

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15
Q

What does the sensory system of the vestibular detect (4)

A
  1. Motion
  2. Head position
  3. Spatial orientation
  4. Motor functions that help to control
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16
Q

Extrinsic/Augmented feedback

A
  • Consists of information provided to the learner by some outside sources
  • Can be delivered in various mediums
  • Equally needs to understand the error detection process
17
Q

Types of augmented feedback (10)

A
  • Concurrent feedback
  • Immediate feedback
  • Verbal feedback
  • Accumulated feedback
  • KOR feedback
  • KOP feedback
  • Terminal feedback
  • Delayed feedback
  • Non-verbal feedback
  • Distinct feedback
18
Q

Concurrent feedback

A

Presented during the movement

19
Q

Immediate feedback

A

Provided immediately after the relevant action

20
Q

Verbal feedback

A

Presented in a verbal format

21
Q

Accumulated feedback

A

Feedback that represents an accumulation of past performance

22
Q

Knowledge of results

A

Verbalised post-movement information about the outcome of the movement

23
Q

Knowledge of performance

A

Verbalised post-movement information about the nature of the movement pattern

24
Q

Terminal feedback

A

Presented after the movement

25
Q

Nonverbal feedback

A

Presented in the form that is not capable of being spoken

26
Q

Distinct feedback

A

Feedback that represents each performance separately

27
Q

Considerations when providing augmented feedback (4)

A
  • Is feedback needed?
  • What information should I give?
  • How much information should I give?
  • When should I reduce/stop providing feedback?
28
Q

Two considerations of feedback

A
  1. Complexity of task
  2. Experience of learner
29
Q

3 types of feedback when giving information

A
  1. Program feedback
  2. Parameter feedback
  3. Bandwidth feedback
30
Q

Program feedback

A

Feedback that provides information about the fundamentals of the movement

31
Q

Parameter feedback

A

Feedback that provides information about specific or changeable aspects of a movement

32
Q

Bandwidth feedback

A

Feedback given only when errors exceed a certain level of tolerance or bandwidth

33
Q

How much information should I give

A
  • Immediate feedback
  • Summary feedback
  • Feedback on request
34
Q

When might you reduce feedback

A
  • Early learning requires more feedback
  • Faded feedback
  • Highly skilled athletes = remove feedback

Psychology (4 decks)

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