Information flow through the cell (lecture 1)

Question 1

Mendel

Answer 1

1865 – Pea plants experiment

Question 2

Darwin

Answer 2

1859 – Origin of species

Question 3

Watson and Crick

Answer 3

1953

Question 4

DNA ——> RNA

Answer 4

TRANSCRIPTION

Question 5

RNA———> DNA

Answer 5

REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION

Question 6

DNA ——–> DNA

Answer 6

REPLICATION

Question 7

RNA ——–> PROTEIN

Answer 7

TRANSLATION

Question 8

Eukaryotes

Answer 8

splicing to remove pre-mRNA
DNA—–> Pre mRNA——> mRNA
This added step increases the diversity of mRNA and proteins,
without increasing the number of genes

Question 9

Ribosome

Answer 9

Produces polypeptide

Question 10

Bacteria

Answer 10

DNA——> mRNA

Question 11

Template

Answer 11

The sequence of RNA will be
identical to the DNA strand
NOT used as a template in
transcription.

Question 12

Genetic Code

Answer 12

It is 64 codons, because there are four nucleotides
with an equal chance of being in any of the three
positions in a codon. 4x4x4 = 64
* Of the 64 triplets, 61 code for amino acids; 3 triplets
are “stop” signals to end translation
* The genetic code is redundant but not ambiguous;
no codon specifies more than one amino acid
* Codons must be read in the correct reading frame
(correct groupings) for the specified
polypeptide to be produced

Question 13

Efficient Information Flow

Answer 13

DNA needs to simplify its structural complexity (quaternary to
primary), while proteins need to increase its complexity (primary to quaternary).

Question 14

Evolution of the Genetic Code

Answer 14

• The genetic code is nearly universal, shared by the
  simplest bacteria to the most complex animals
• Genes can be transcribed and translated after being
  transplanted from one species to another