Evolution and Natural Selectiom Flashcards

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1
Q

Carolus Linnaeus 1707 to 1778

A
  • Taxonomy
  • For example Homo sapiens
  • Genus Species
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1
Q

Natural Theology

A

Aristotle 384 - 322 BC
* Scale of nature

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2
Q

*James Hutton and Charles Lyall (1727
onwards)

A

Developed the theory of Gradualism
*Supported by the fossil record

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3
Q

Jean Baptiste Lammarck (1744 - )

A

*Developed the first major theory of evolution
* Organisms could adapt to their environment
* Changes in individuals were passed on from
generation to generation
* This part of the theory was not correct

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4
Q

Charles Darwin (1800 - )
* Published “Origin of Species”

A
  • He used data collected from his trip on HMS Beagle
  • Examples he found were “Darwin’s finches”
  • Over 13 different species had evolved from a common
    ancestor and adapted to different ecological niches
    (Galapagos Islands
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5
Q

Descent by Modification

A
    1. Principle of Variation
  • Inherent variability in a population
    1. Principle of Heredity
  • Variation is passed down through generations
    1. Principle of selection
  • Organisms tend to over multiply
  • Some individuals have a greater capacity to survive or
    reproduce
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6
Q

Evidence for NS

A

Biogeography
* The adaptation of organisms to their
environment
Fossil Record
Comparative Anatomy
Comparative Embryology
Similarities in DNA sequence show common
origins

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7
Q

Genetic polymorphism

A

changes to the DNA sequence

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8
Q

Phenotypic polymorphism

A

changes in the appearance or measureable
characteristics

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9
Q

Mechanisms that generate variation

A
  1. Gene mutation
    *Changes in DNA sequence in
    single or multiple genes
    *2. Chromosome mutation
    *Changes in the number of
    chromosomes
    *3. Recombination
    *New arrangements caused by sexual reproduction
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10
Q

species

A
  • All members of the same species can interbreed
  • not all have the opportunity
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11
Q

population

A

A group of organisms within the same species that
do have the opportunity to interbreed

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12
Q

Geographical Isolation

A
  • Geographical isolation causes the formation of new
    species in a different place this is known as
    ALLOPATRIC speciation
  • When speciation occurs at the same place this is
    known as SYMPATRIC speciation
  • (patric = place; allo = different; sym = same
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13
Q

Habitat Isolation

A

Populations evolve to occupy the same space
but use different resources.
*This is an example of sympatric speciation

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14
Q

Behavioral Isolation

A

*organisms evolve different behaviours to
prevent mating between different species

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15
Q

Temporal Isolation

A

Temporal isolation
*organisms evolve different timing to prevent
mating between different species

16
Q

Mechanical isolation

A

*organisms evolve different mating apparatus to
prevent mating between different species

17
Q

Gametic Isolation

A

organisms evolve sperm and egg incompatibility to
prevent mating between different species

18
Q

Hybrid sterility

A

Sometimes different species can interbreed
but they usually produce sterile offspring