Information & Communication Technologies Flashcards by Brett Wandler

Software Developer - analyst, developer, programmer (must know multiple programming languages)
Business Systems Analyst - business systems planner, solutions architect (enhance productivity and efficiency)
Database Programmer - database coordinator, administrator (develops the database strategy and identifies means of improving performance and capacity)
Information Systems Analyst - information systems designer (requires comprehensive knowledge of telecommunications technology, software applications, and business operations and processes
Chief Information Officer (CIO) - leads an organizations IT group (CIO have IT degree)
Computer Engineers - design, install, and perform maintenance. (Often require electronics / mechanical engineering / electrical engineering degrees. Trade certification are beneficial when the focus is repair work)
Wed Developers - create, test, maintain web pages and links. (require IT or similar degrees, HTML, programming, software)

Careers

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act of communication by transmitting information over long distances. Consist of many different terminals, links, and nodes.

Has three basic components:

1) Transmitter - converts information into a signal
2) Transmission Medium - how signal is carried
3) Receiver - converts transmission into useable information

Telecommunication

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Verizon is largest us wireless phone provider, ATT second.

China Mobile largest provider in the world

Vodafone is British telecommunications company, 2nd largest, largest in terms of revenue.

America Movil is Mexican telecommunications, 4th largest in world.

Major Service Providers

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is any computer linked to the network

Network Node

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signals to travel farther without degradation, they do not read signals. Only clean and regenerate them to transmit at higher power level

Repeaters

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Only sent to address or signal, two computers can communicate without hampering communication on the other side, more that a repeater

Bridge

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reads each message, only forwards it down the spoke the is linked to target computer

Switch

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Swedish corporation - largest mobile telecommunications vendor in the world

Ericsson

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Finnish corporation - highest selling mobile phone vendor in the world

Nokia

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American corporation - voice communication, networking, communication services, consumer electronics

Cisco

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Largest supplier of networking and telecommunications in China, second largest in world behind Ericsson

Huawei

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Second largest telecommunications in China, 4th in the world

ZTE

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private company that supplies enterprise network, telephony, can call center technology

Avaya

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Japanese corporation that sells information technology and network solutions

NEC

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runs the needs of other computer programs (files, databases, printers)

Servers

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physical or virtual connection between two computer programs

Port

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computer can both read and write information, computer can access stored date in any order

Random-Access Memory (RAM)

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usually data stored on computer’s motherboard, cannot be overwritten, contains basic hardware programming to run operating systems.

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

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allow multiple networks to be linked across an internet (network of networks) by forwarding messages, allow each network to retain own individual characteristics

Routers

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covers a local area such the the inside of a home or public business, Wi-Fi is a type

Local Area Network (LAN)

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connects multiple LANs

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

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covers a wide outdoor area and usually serves to connect office buildings or provide public Internet access

Wide Area Network (WAN)

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includes Wi-Fi Networks, Fixed Wireless Data networks, and other small networks (Bluetooth is a type)

Personal Area Network (PAN)

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a chip that is the first program ran when the computer is turned on to start the operating system (know as BOOTING)

BIOS - Basic input / Output Sustem

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manipulates data within the computer, consists of three main parts: 1) Arithmetic / Logic Unit - carries out operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc) 2) Control Unit - manages machine activities 3) Register Unit - data storage cells temporarily (special-purpose [cache memory which is needed immediately] and general-purpose)

Central Processint Unit (CPU)

contains both RAM and ROM and enables BIOS operation. Memory bus connects the CPU to the system

Main Memory

Hard Disk Drives, Flash Drives, CDs, DVDs, magnetic tapes/discs - can be available online of offline Expansion cards enhance functionality of the computer (increased memory, better sounds and graphics, etc)

Secondary Data Storage

a device that is attached to the computer in some way and is NOT part of the system architecture but provides input or output functions

Peripheral Device

input device to communicate with the CPU using symbols, letters, numbers, and punctuation

Keyboard (input)

displays various messages, especially info entered through keyboard and can retrieve info stored in memory

Monitor (output)

operates by moving around flat surface to access files or items displayed on the monitor

Mouse (input)

Need to check specifications when software fails it is usually one of the following issues: 1) computer cannot properly install software 2) error occurs during software installations 3) program cannot load or error occurs during program load

Selection and Maintenance ofSoftware

make sure it is compatible. Some devices are easy to install and other that go inside the computer are more difficult.

Selection and Maintenance of Hardware

shows continuous movement of a point across a surface: (length, thickness, direction)

Line

describes any area allocated for a certain task: (background, foreground, middle ground) can be either positive space (occupied by and object) OR negative space (space between objects) the area differentiates itself from surroundings due to a boundary or variations in color, value, or texture

Space

quality of aesthetic balance or proportionality in an object

Symmetry

technique of creating, arranging, and modifying letters

Typography

the arrangement and treatments of elements on a page | grid - not set or in form (template - very specific arrangement)

Layout

grid of pixels 16.7 million different color variations

Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG)

scanned photographs

Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)

graph and graphics files

Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)

digital videos and animation

Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)

interactive video system

Digital Video Interactive (DVI)

perception of a surface quality

Texture

light and dark contrasts to create depth and perception

Value aka Tone

height, width, and depth

Form

element relative to other elements in the same picture or drawing

Proportion

process of modifying images (vector graphics, raster graphics, 3D modelers)

Image Editing

frame grabber

Image Capture

reducing number of bits necessary to store a digital image

Image Compression

moving an image from one storage medium such as a photo to another suck as a computer disk

Image Transfer

taking parts of multiple, preexisting images, and rearranging them to create a new image

Image Assembly

WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) for creating documents

Desktop Publishing Software

consists of hypertext and hypermedia. Hypertext markup language (HTML) is how documents are structures for the World Wide Web

Wed Page Development Software

freehand drawing often used by architects. Drawing made by instrument, involves a drawing board, uses the T-Square to draw angles as set squares and triangles. Allows use of a compass, French curves, and other drawing shapes and arcs.

Sketch

1) Visible Lines - continuous lines that represent edged and visible when viewed from certain angle 2) Hidden Lines - short dashed and not seen from certain angles 3) Center Lines - alternating long and short dashes, represent axis of circular component 4) Cutting Plane Lines -medium dashes or thick lines consisting of alternating ling and double short dashes used for section views 5) Section / Cross-Hatching - represent surface which have cut into section views 6) Phantom Lines - thin lines consisting of long and double short dashed, represent an object not included in assemble or part specifications

Drafting

taking printed text and copying into electronic format

Scanners

taking out tasks the were once only performed in print shops

Printers

ideal for high resolution editing and documents

Vector Graphics Editor

- design tools, machinery, all types of buildings - create detailed engineering drawling or models - helps reduce product development costs and decrease design cycle time

Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

Two Types: Three and Two Dimensional Two Sets: Working drawings( manufacturing phase) & Assembly Drawing (how to put together) * Section Views - imaginary plane that cuts through an object * Auxiliary Views - any surface that does not line up with the three major axis * Pattern View - shows size and shape of two-dimensional object that will be folded into a 3D object * ****Exploded Views & Multiviews ****

Technical Drawings

orthographic projection - represents 3D object on a 2D surface. 1st angle - interior surfaces 2nd angle - exterior surfaces

Multiview

relationships between the various components and order of assembly. Should start with the components nearest the center of the drawing and work outwards.

Exploded View

Include floor plans, site plans, elevations, cross sections, isometric projections, axonometric projections, and detail drawings. * Presentation - explains the plan and identifies advantages * Survey - represents the land, structures, and buildings * Record - includes past architectural influence on the current design * Working - comprehensive set of all drawings (location, assembly, components, engineering)

Architectural Drawing

convey all critical information on a product

Engineering Drawings

transmit data through modulation and variation in the amplitude, frequency, and phases

Radio Waves

generally shorter than radio waves, low intensity levels in Wi-Fi networks and higher intensity level in ovens

Microwaves

used in high altitude telecommunications between satellites and airplanes (shorter than microwaves and longer than infrared)

Terahertz Radiation

used for remote control signals and short distance communication (generally longer than terahertz radiation)

Infrared Radiation

Only human eyes can see. Optical fiber can convoy sound or image information

Visible Light Spectrum

3D object in a 2D flat piece of paper * orthographic projection * Isometric projection * Oblique projection

Parallel Projection Views

express the limits on a particular characteristic

Tolerance

convey the required size of the product or material that is represented in the technical drawing written in language known as Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerencing (GD&T)

Dimensions

requirements that the product or material is supposed to fulfull

Specifications

the ratio at which the object in the drawing corresponds to the product in real life

Scale

ensures data integrity and who can access the database 6 YPES: hierarchical, network, relational, distributed, object-oriented, hypermedia

Databese Managements System (DBMS)