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Tech Praxis > Energy, Power, and Transportation > Flashcards

Energy, Power, and Transportation Flashcards

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1
Q

excellent pay and continue intellectual stimulation

A

Careers

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2
Q

decomposed bodies of prehistoric creatures, carbon and hydrogen. Main ingredient in natural gas is methane. Oil is useless unless purified

A

Fossil Fuel

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3
Q

stored capacity of energy. Unit of measurement in energy is one joule (J)

A

Potential Energy

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4
Q

when an object is in motion. Velocity of the object has much more effect on KE then the mass

A

Kinetic Energy (KE).

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5
Q

energy required to exert a given force over a given distance. (Force * Distance) Unit is the Joule (J) = one Newton of Force One Newton Forces is the amount of work to go one meter

A

Work

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6
Q

the amount of work performed in a certain interval. (= work/time) = 1J per second aka a Watt

A

Power

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7
Q

heat

A

Thermal Energy

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8
Q

All but 16% of all energy is consumed from coal 22%, oil 37%, natural gas 25%

A

Power from Fossil Fuels

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9
Q

Sunlight hits an outer layer of phosphorus and silicon, exciting electrons and generating current in a circuit

A

How Solar Works

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10
Q

Derived from the Sun, temperatures create high and low pressures to turn wind turbines

A

Wind Power

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11
Q

Water from the resulting reservoir sent through “penstocks” that spin the turbines.

A

Hydroelectric

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12
Q

chain reactions to create energy through FUSION

A

Nuclear Energy

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13
Q

Hydrogen and oxygen, hydrogen oxidized to emit electrons that act as an electrical current flowing to the oxygen chamber where it loses its electrons

A

Fuel Cells

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14
Q

2/3 energy loss in fossil fuels. scientists working on inefficiencies to minimize energy loss

A

Energy loss during conversion

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15
Q

the amount of energy in the universe never changes - known as the law of conservation of energy (energy cannot be created or destroyed)

A

Energy Conservation

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16
Q

Efficiency is equal to the amount of work done divided by the amount of energy consumes

Efficiency = Work/Energy consumed

A

Energy Efficiency

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17
Q

created when electrons are gained or lost. no electrons are created or destroyed in charging process. positive charge is equal to the negative charge is a phenomenon known as the conservation of charge.

A

Electrical Charge

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18
Q

Force Relationship - Unit of Charge of attraction or expansion is a (C). Used in electromagnetism

A

Coulomb’s Law

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19
Q

measured in amperes (A). An Ampere is equal to the rate of flow of one coulomb of charge per second.

A

Electrical Current

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20
Q

DC - one direction / AC alternating directions. In a DC system, electrons move a a speed of less than on centimeter per second

A

Direct and Alternating Currents

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21
Q

The amount of Pressure a power source creates to move electrons

A

Volta - Voltage

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22
Q

The amount of electricity used by an item

A

Amps - Amperage

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23
Q

The amount of electricity and item uses (amps) multiplied by the size of the power source the item needs (volts)

A

Watts - Wattage

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24
Q

measured in ohm’s, no resistance is a superconductor, decreasing a conductors temperature lowers its resistance

A

Electrical Resistance

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25
Q

Current = voltage/resistance
In Electricity, when I use thicker wires, my power source needs to be larger to push electrons through the larger area. When I use thinner wires, my power source can get smaller.

A

Ohm’s Law

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26
Q

The amount of work a current can do in an interval. Only exists when the current is converted into a different form of energy like spinning blades or light on a bulb

(current) x (voltage) = Wattage (electric Power)

A

Electrical Power (wattage)

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27
Q

All the devices are connected along the same pathway. Main problem is in a series circuit, failure of one device breaks the entire circuit. Each device gets the same amount of voltage.

A

Series Circuit

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28
Q

Each device has its own electron path. Wires branch out to each device. Voltage is the same but the current (amps) is divided up in each branch. Current is equal to the sum of the currents in all parallel branches.

A

Parallel Circuit

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29
Q

the point in a circuit where the current is either initiated or broken (battery has two terminals)

A

Terminal (Electronic Components)

30
Q

controls the level of current in a circuit by providing resistance, most convert electrical current into heat which takes it out of the system

A

Resistor (Electronic Components)

31
Q

restricts the flow of current in one direction only, used to convert alternating current into direct current and to amplify the current in one direction, composed of two parts (anode and cathode)

A

Diode (Electronic Components)

32
Q

any device, such as a transistor or an electron tube, that increase the amplitude of an electrical current (produces an input signal and produces a larger signal with identical wave form)

A

Amplifier (Electronic Components)

33
Q

(aka Condenser) stores electrical charge temporarily, typically composed of two metal plates separated by a thin insulator(often air) used for controlling and moderating current

A

Capacitor (Electronic Components)

34
Q

converts energy into a different form (microphone converts sound energy into electricity) (photoelectric cell converts light energy into electricity) (loudspeaker converts electricity into sound)

A

Transducer (Electronic Components)

35
Q

identifies and possibly responds to certain electrical signals

A

Detector (Electronic Components)

36
Q

can function in a circuit as a detector, switch, or amplifier

A

Transistor (Electronic Components)

37
Q

shifts electric Energy from one circuit to another, often with a change in current or voltage. (a small transformer is used to diminish the current flowing through a doorbell in order to reduce the risk of shock)

A

Transformer (Electronic Devices)

38
Q

alternately completes, diverts, or breaks a circuit

A

Switch (Electronic Devices)

39
Q

a type of switch that, when activated by a small current, initiates a larger current, when the small current reaches the relay, a gate is closed, thus completing the circuit for the larger current (relays are used in televisions and telephone transmission, in which a small input signal initiates the broadcast of a a much larger signal)

A

Relay (Electronic Devices)

40
Q

converts chemical energy into mechanical energy through burning. Lose much on energy through hear

A

Internal Combustion Engines

41
Q

Convert magnetic force into kinetic energy. DC motor, a wire coil is placed between two charged pieces of metal, current through coil causes it to rotate. A commutator reverses the charge of the wire every time it makes a rotation to ensure continuous spinning

A

Electric Motors

42
Q

elliptical wheel that, when connected to a driveshaft, powers some mechanical motion. (in automobile engine, the up-and-down motion of the pistons rotates the cams causing the wheels to move forward

A

Cams

43
Q

interlocking toothed wheels, one which is connected to a shaft, when shaft is twisted, the drive wheel spins in one direction that causes the other wheel to be spin in the opposite direction, if the other wheel is smaller than the drive wheel, it spins more quickly but produces less force, if the other wheel is larger than the drive wheel, it moves more slowly with with greater force.

A

Gears

44
Q

a system of connected bars held together by springs or hinges, the piston, rod, and crank in the car engine comprise a for-bar linkage.

A

Linkages

45
Q

operate with the aid of compressed air. known for being safe because compressed air isnt flammable.

A

Pneumatics

46
Q

rely on pressure exerted by liquid in a tube. most liquids cannot be compressed, known for being efficient and generating more force than pneumatics

A

Hydraulics

47
Q

regular cleaning, lube, Mechanics must be able t evaluate data as well as repairs.

A

Basic Motor Maintenance and Repair

48
Q
  • Transportation planners address local and regional issues
  • Transit operation analysists (two year degree in transportation technology)
  • Civil Engineering Technicians (two year degree in civil engineering)
A

CAREERS - Energy, Power, Transportation

49
Q

Train runs along a railway, can be powered by steam, diesel, electricity, gas turbines, gravity, cables, and more

A

Rail, Air, & Road Transportation

50
Q
  • Marine Transport is highly efficient and cost effective, but tends to be slow
  • Space Transport, rarest form of transportation
  • Intermodal Transportation uses multiple transportation systems before reaching destination.
A

Marine, Space, & Intermodal Transportation

51
Q

Urban Sprawl and increasing populations changes transportation networks

A

Problems associated with transportation systems

52
Q

ICE - Internal Combustion Engine (two-stroke, four stroke, diesel, wankel, jet engines, and gas turbines)

ECE - External Combustion Engine (heat source expands in a fluid such as steam an stirling engines {stirling engines in cooling systems})

A

Internal and External Combustion Engines

53
Q

The Alliance of Automobile Manufactures - common interests and works for social transportations

National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) - provides training and certification

National Aviation Authority (NAA) - to be certified in aviation industry [Air Operators Certificate (AOC)]

A

Transportation Industries

54
Q

Buoyancy is a force that causes objects to float in a fluid.

Gravitation acceleration is a downward force exerted on an object by gravity.

A

Buoyance and Gravitational Acceleration

55
Q

equals an object mass multiplied by its velocity [p = mv]

A

Momentum

56
Q

an objects innate resistance to changes in the state of motion or rest. Stationary object will stay stationary and a moving object will keep moving without outside forces. The more mass the more inertia. Knowledge to know force to propel an object for transport

A

Inertia

57
Q

force that gravity applies on an object

A

Weight

58
Q

generates thrust by pushing airflow over a wing

A

Air Transportation

59
Q

relies on propellers driven by some type of internal combustion or steam engine, some ships still relies on sails and oars

A

Marine Transportation

60
Q

uses rocket engine to expel hot gas

A

Space Transportation

61
Q

relies on wheels driven by some type of power force (combustion engines, electric motors, animal muscle)

A

Road & Rail Transportation

62
Q

seeks to decrease the risks, improve productivity and lower operating costs of a companies fleet of vehicles.

A

Fleet Management

63
Q

selecting most efficient and effective means to access roadways that vehicles use to reach destination

A

Routing

64
Q

process of assigning customers to routes

A

Scheduling

65
Q

gearbox uses gear rations to convert between speed and torque. Transmission needed because engines operates at higher RPM that wheels rotate. Can also increase fuel efficiency.

Transmission is tow or more meshed gears working together. Smaller cog turns a larger cog, the larger cog possessed more torque

A

Transmission & Gear

66
Q

crankshaft converts linear motion of the pistons into the transmission to turn the wheels. Crankshaft in connected to pistons via a series of rods.

A

Pistons and Crank Shaft

67
Q

a belt and pully system can perform speed and torque conversion if the pulleys differ in size.

A

Belt and Pulley System

68
Q

Variety of Causes - 1) worn piston rings, 2) when two neighboring pistons have low compression leaking head gasket probable cause.

A

Weak Compression within an Internal Combustion Engine

69
Q

LARGE FLUCTUATIONS

  • Intake manifold leak in one cylinder
  • wear in the intake valve guides
  • defection piston or piston rings
  • faulty throttle shaft
LOW READINGS
-poor valve timing
-faulty vacuum lines
-faulty carburetor throttle shaft
damage flange gasket
A

Weak or Fluctuating Vacuum Readings

70
Q

Engine Blocks made from cast iron. Pistons made from aluminum. Compression tests done when engine is hot.

Modern Ships made of Steel

Commercial airplanes built using aluminum alloys an d composite material. Titanium used in jet’s engines and structural members

A

Creating Automobile Engines, Ship’s Hulls, & Airplanes

Tech Praxis (4 decks)

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