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Information Methods INF10014 > Information Communication (Lesson 5) > Flashcards

Information Communication (Lesson 5) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the methods of collecting data? (4)

A
  • Interviewing and Observation
  • Active reading
  • Note taking
  • Active listening
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2
Q

What are the five basic steps in an interview process?

A
  • Selection of people
  • Designing the questions
  • Preparing
  • Conducting
  • Following up after
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3
Q

What are three different types of questions?

A
  • Closed-ended
  • Open-ended
  • Probing
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4
Q

McWhorter (2007) states that ‘we all remember what we intend to remember’, he also states that being an active reader will help you in what 4 ways?

A
  • Stimulate your thinking
  • Get interested and stay involved in what you read
  • Make reading easier by providing you with a mental outline of the material
  • increase your recall
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5
Q

What are the benefits of pre-reading?

A
  • Excites intrest and promotes investment
  • Provides a mental outline of the resource’s materials
  • Identifies what is important & establishes intent to remember
  • Aids in ability to recall as it provides repetition of the salient points
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6
Q

What are the 6 steps of how to pre-read?

A
  1. Title, subtitles & headings - overview
  2. Introduction, abstract or summary
  3. First sentence under each heading - thoughts of passage
  4. Typographical & graphical aids
  5. Conclusion / final summary
  6. Bibliographic / references
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7
Q

Why note take? (4)

A
  • Keep focused
  • Identification of what is important
  • Recall
  • Study tool for test & exams
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8
Q

How do you identify when listening to a lecture what is important to note? (3)

A
  • Change in tone / pitch
  • Slowing down
  • Writing on whiteboard
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9
Q

What are the seven skills McWhorter (2007) suggests to sharpen your listening skills?

A
  1. Identify key ideas
  2. Focus on content
  3. Focus on ideas and facts
  4. Listen carefully to opening comments
  5. Attempt to understand purpose
  6. Think on what the speaker is saying
  7. Approach listening as a challenging mental task
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10
Q

What is the definition of ‘data’?

A

Raw facts.

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11
Q

What is the definition of information?

A

‘A collection of facts organised in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves’ (Stairs & Reynolds, 2008)

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12
Q

What is ‘information management’?

A

The effective definition, storage & retrieval of your information

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13
Q

In organising data and making it useable we need to critically think on it and ask 5 questions about it?

A
  • Source?
  • Relevance?
  • Reliability?
  • Bias?
  • Value?
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14
Q

What is primary information?

A

First hand information, such as eyewitness accounts, creative works, and scientific or reflective discovery.

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15
Q

What is secondary information?

A

Is the verification of or commentary about discoveries or events, and therefore you are reliant upon the ideas and observations of others, this includes newspaper articles, histories, etc.

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16
Q

What is tertiary information?

A

The tracking or locating devices for current information including indices, bibliographies and browsers.

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17
Q

How can ‘CARS’ help us understand our data?

A

Clarify it
Analyse it
Reflect on it
Synthesise it

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18
Q

What does Iannuzzi et. al. pp.193-196 suggest are the steps for gaining Information Literacy?

A
  • Define the need for information
  • Initiate the search strategy
  • Locate the resources
  • Assess and comprehend the information
  • Interpret the information
  • Evaluate the product and process
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19
Q

What is the definition of knowledge?

A

The awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision (Stairs & Reynolds, 2008)

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20
Q

What is a file system?

A

A file is a collection of related information, in a file system data are stored in independent files each requiring its own data management programs.

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21
Q

What are the problems with file system data management? (2)

A
  • Complexity leads to difficulty

* Security features are difficult to implement

22
Q

What is a database?

A

An organised collection of facts and information (Stairs & Reynolds, 2008), it could be through a computer and it aids creation of information and knowledge.

23
Q

What is a ‘Flat file database’?

A

Simple database whose records have no relationship to one another (i.e. no links) e.g. excel.

24
Q

What is a ‘relational database’?

A

Contains relations or links between tables within the database and minimises the incidence of redundant data through the use of ‘keys’. eg. Access

25
Q

What is the difference between a single user and multiple user database - give examples?

A

Single user are on a single computer, where as multiple can be used across computers. Access is single user, Oracle is a multi-user.

26
Q

What is a database system?

A

Logically related data stored in a single data repository rather than many separate and unrelated files. Database Management Systems store the data, the structure and the relationships.

27
Q

What are the five most important aspects of a Database Management System (DBMS)?

A
  • Data management
  • Query languages
  • User access
  • Integrated view of organisation’s operations
  • Reduction of inconsistent data
28
Q

What are the four types of data according to Stair & Reynolds (2008)?

A
  • Alphanumeric
  • Image
  • Audio
  • Video
29
Q

Information creation is a process that begins with what?

A
  • Observation and codification of data and statistics.
30
Q

The programs within the Database Management System provide functions that facilitate what?

A
  • Backup & recovery
  • Methods for accessing data in a computer system
  • Supporting database administration.
31
Q

What are databases comprised of?

A
  • Entities - things we want to collect & store
  • Attributes - descriptors of some aspect of the entity
  • Relationships - association among entities
32
Q

What is the Primary key?

A

It is a unique attribute, every instance must have one and there must be no duplicates.

33
Q

How is entity data stored? and what are the features?

A
  • Entity data is stored in a ‘table’ (also called a ‘relation’)
  • Attributes in the columns
  • Records in the rows
34
Q

What is ‘cardinality’?

A

It describes the relationship between entities, and can include one-to-many; one-to-one; and many-to-many.

35
Q

What is a ‘foreign key’?

A

An attribute which refers to a primary key of another entity eg. primary key represents a person, in the cars table, the foreign key is the primary key of the person. It links the person to the car.

36
Q

What are the characteristics of valuable information (11)?

A
  • Accessible
  • Accurate
  • Complete
  • Economical to produce
  • Flexible
  • Relevant
  • Reliable
  • Secure
  • Simple
  • Timely
  • Verifiable
37
Q

What are the two fairness issues with use of data?

A
  • The right to know

* The ability to decide

38
Q

What are the two database storage options and two database usage options to consider when storing personal information?

A
  • Knowledge - should they know what data is stored?
  • Control - should they be able to update their data?
  • Notice - should they be informed if the data is to be used for another purpose?
  • Consent - should they have to consent to the use of the data in different ways?
39
Q

What is SQL and what is it used for?

A

Standard/Structured Query Language and it is used to create, transform and retrieve information from Relational Database Management Systems.

40
Q

What is the logical design view of a database?

A

It shows an abstract model of how the data should be structured and arranged to meet an organisations information needs. It identifiers the relationships and grouped items.

41
Q

What is the physical design view of a database?

A

It starts from the logical database design and fine tunes it for performance and cost (reduced response time, storage space etc)

42
Q

What is unique about the Relational model of Database Management System?

A

Data and relationships are represented as tables each of which has a number of columns with a unique name. There is no explicit links between the tables but they link by sharing a common entity.

43
Q

What are the advantages of the relational model?

A
  • Structural independence
  • Data independence
  • Easy to design and maintain
44
Q

What are the disadvantages of the relational model?

A
  • Requires substantial hardware and operating system overhead
  • Slower than other database systems
45
Q

What is a candidate key?

A

It is a unique identifier of a row but was not necessarily chosen to be the primary key

46
Q

What are two examples of primary key and candidate key?

A

Primary - Student ID, TFN

Candidate - Social Security Number, Email Address

47
Q

What is an ERD?

A

An Entity Relationship Diagram is a model that identifies the concepts or entities that exist in a system and the relationships between those entities.

48
Q

When defining relationships in an ERD, how are Optionality and Cardinality expressed and what do these mean?

A

They are expressed as symbols at the ends of the relationship lines and indicate Optionality (optional / mandatory relationship) and Cardinality (1:1, many:1, and many:many).

49
Q

What does an o in the relationship line indicate?

A

That the relationship is optional, if followed by a stroke on the line then it means that the relationship is a minimum of zero and a maximum of 1.

50
Q

What does two strokes on the line mean?

A

Minimum of 1 and maximum of two instances

51
Q

What does a stroke followed by a crows foot

A

Minimum of 1 and maximum of many instances.

Information Methods INF10014 (8 decks)

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