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Criminology > Informal Policy > Flashcards

Informal Policy Flashcards

1
Q

What is social policy

A

Refers to legislation, guidelines and interventions designed to change, maintain or create living conditions that are necessary for human welfare

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2
Q

What are crime control policies

A

Examples of formal policies that place emphasis on reducing crime in society through increasing the powers of police

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3
Q

What is the death penalty

A

State authorised execution of a criminal given for the most severe offences

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4
Q

When was death penalty abolished in uk

A

1965

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5
Q

How does the death penalty link to biological theories

A

By using the death penalty, it prevents criminals from committing crime again and removes their biological abnormality from the gene pool

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6
Q

Arguments for the death penalty

A

Death penalty has a 100% success rate for preventing further crime

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7
Q

Arguments against death penalty

A

Stats show that murder rate is lower in states which dont have the death penalty

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8
Q

What is neurochemical treatment

A

Reduces the level of test in men to lower the sexual desire and libido to treat sexual offenders

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9
Q

How does neurochemical treatment link to biological theories

A

Policy links to the idea that criminals suffer from biological abnormalities, such as overproduction of sex hormones

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10
Q

Arguments for neurochemical treatment

A

Evidence from Scandinavia suggests it can cut re offending rates from 40% to 5%

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11
Q

Arguments against neurochemical treatment

A

Chemical castration lasts around 3-5 years and isnt effective after, also it has a range of negative side effects

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12
Q

What is eugenics

A

Set of beliefs that aims at improving the genetic quality of human population

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13
Q

How does eugenics link to biological theory

A

By using eugenics, this prevents criminals from reproducing which removes the biological abnormality from gene pool

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14
Q

Arguments for eugenics

A

Research by osborn and west in 1970s found 40% of boys whose fathers had a criminal record had criminal records themselves, eugenics would not allow this figure.

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15
Q

Arguments against eugenics

A

Can be counterproductive as it leads to a reduction in genetic diversity which eliminates “desirable” genes and forces a shallow gene pool

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16
Q

What is a token economy

A

Utilise operant conditioning by rewarding positive behaviour and punishing negative behaviour.

17
Q

How does a token economy link to an individualistic theories

A

Offenders have learnt undesirable behaviours such as criminality which token economies aim to reverse

18
Q

Arguments for token economy

A

Delivering token economy is much cheaper than a custodial sentence, helping to reduce recidivism

19
Q

Arguments against token economy

A

Research shows strategies aren’t universally effectige and tend to only work in short term

20
Q

What is psychoanalysis treatment

A

Treatment where the patient verbalises their thoughts, through a variety of methods which aims to access repressed thoughts which led to criminal activity

21
Q

How does psychoanalysis treatment link to individualistic

A

Cause of an abnormal psyche and therefore crim behaviour is negative experiences due childhood, this method aims to surface these experiences to solve them

22
Q

Arguments for psychodynamic treatment

A

Research by bergin found 10,000 patients around 80% benefited from treatment

23
Q

Arguments against psychodynamic treatment

A

Least favoured approach as its very time consuming and is unlikely to provide quick answers snd possibly worsen their mental state

24
Q

What is anger management

A

Aims to avoid violent offences by using cognitive therapy that encourages rational thinking about their actions in order to reduce anger

25
Q

How does anger management link to individualistic theories

A

Believed offenders have difficulty regulating their emotions due to high levels of neurotism (eysnecks crim personality)

26
Q

Argument for anger management

A

Research by ireland used 50 prisoners who completed anger management before and after intervention which found a 92% decrease in anger reactions

27
Q

Arguments against anger managerment

A

Not all crimes are committed under the emotion of anger, so this therapy isnt suitable for all offenders

28
Q

What is zero tolerance

A

Imposes strict punishment for infractions of a stated rule, with intention of eliminating undesirable conduct

29
Q

How does zero tolerance link to sociological theories

A

Relates to right realism, if all criminals are rational and weigh up costs and benefits of committing crime, the costs would be worse as they woukd receive a harsh punishment

30
Q

Arguments for zero tolerance

A

Since 1993, major crime in NYC has fallen but 39% and murder has fallen 49% due to zero tolerance

31
Q

Arguments against zero tolerance

A

Crime doesnt get disappear, it just gets displaced to somewhere else where zero tolerance policy isnt enforced

32
Q

What is cctv policy

A

Acts as a formal method of surveillance within society, recording and monitoring public behaviour which can be used as a deterrent

33
Q

How does cctv link to sociological theories

A

Use of cctv can link to right realism as if criminals weigh up costs and benefits, cctv will cause costs to outweigh the benefits, reducing/ preventing crime

34
Q

Arguments for cctv policy

A

Where cctv can offer an effective level of deterrent seems to be against those planned put crimes, such as trespass and burglary, car theft, car crime and other anti social behaviur

35
Q

Arguments against cctv policy

A

Cctv is less effective at stopping violent crime as this tends to be impulsive and will take place whether theres cctv or not

36
Q

What is penal populism

A

Refers to governments attempts to propose laws to punish offenders that are popular with general public

37
Q

How does penal populism link to sociological theory

A

With penal populism the public masses create a value consensus which politicians take on board and impliment, reinforcing social values

38
Q

Argument for penal populism

A

Penal populism has caused an increase in prison population, meaning more criminals in prison unable to commit crime

Criminology (17 decks)

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