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Fire Management > Info Download > Flashcards

Info Download Flashcards

0
Q

How does fire weather effect fuels?

A
  • Precipitation effects the ability of a fire to ignite and the degree to which it may spread.
  • Temperature effects fuel moisture
  • Relative humidity
  • Wind speed
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1
Q

What key things affect fire weather?

A

Drry bulb temperature
Precipitation
Relative Humidity
Wind speed and directiopn
Atmospheric stability- Degree of resistance to turbulence and upward motion
Winds aloft- Jet stream winds and fronts effect surface winds

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2
Q

How do time and weather combine to affect burning conditions?

A
  • Weather events can magnify the potential for fire ignition and spread (day or night) ex. wind storm
  • Short term drying (1-6 days) can rapidly change the susceptibility of fine fuels to burn.
  • Long term drying (7 plus days) larger fuels AFFECTED
  • Long term drying
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3
Q

What control methods are in place when taking weather readings?

A

Taken at the same time every day to maintain consistancy

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4
Q

Why is it necessary to have a system to determine wildfire and prescribed burning conditions?

A
  • To provide a method to relate weather conditions to biomass (wild land fuels)
  • For consistency in fire management planning
  • to support “best forest management practices
  • To support regulations (B.C wildfire act and regulation)
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5
Q

What is the Canadian forest fire danger rating system?

A

A national system of rating forest fire danger, including guides to evaluation of fire danger and the prediction of fire behaviour.

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6
Q

Why was CFFDRS developed?

A

To provide forest managers wit ha foundation for understanding the correlation between various types of wild land fuels and the weather phenomenon that effects them.

To provide consistent methodology to inform the public of fire risk.

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7
Q

What readings are used to compile CFFDRS

A
  • Dry bulb temperature
  • Relative humidity in %
  • Wind speed and direction
  • Precipitation that has occurred in the past 24 hours
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8
Q

What are indices?

A

More than one device used to indicate a value or quantity.

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9
Q

What is fine fuels fine fuel moisture code?

A

A numerical rating of the moisture content of litter and other cured fine fuels.
The higher the number the higher the ease of ignition.

0-100

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10
Q

What particularly affects Fine Fuel Moisture?

A

Precipitation in past 24 hours
Temperature
%RH
Wind speed

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11
Q

How is fine fuel moisture affected by wind?

A
  • moving air increases evap. on moist surfaces
  • Coupled with high temp and low RH, wind effects are compounded.
  • Wind effect may not be captured in daily weather readings.
  • Can be very localized
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12
Q

What is initial spread index?

A
  • Definition:
  • Numerical rating of the expected rate of fire spread. It combines the effect of wind and FFMC on rate of spread without the influence of various quantities of fuel.
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13
Q

Whats Duff?

What is the Duff Moisture Code? DMC

A

Duff -LFH horizon. Corresponds with fermentation and humous layers. When moss present, top of duff is below green portion of moss.

DMC -Numeric rating of the avg moisture content of duff. Gives an indication of fuel consumption

0-250

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14
Q

What parameters effect the DMC?

A
  • Temp
  • %RH
  • Precip/24h
  • wind not present below canopy
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15
Q

What is the drought code?

A

Numerical rating of the avg moisture content of deep, compact organic layers. This code indicates seasonal drought effects on forest fuels and the level of smouldering in large logs and deep duff layers.

16
Q

What affects drought code?

A

Temp
Precip

0-1000

17
Q

How do DMC and DC interrelate

A

-Together they represent the moderate large fuels available for combustion. DMC + DC = Build up index

18
Q

What does the buildup index represent?

A

Numerical rating of total amount of fuels available for combustion.
DMC + DC
-NOT PRONE TO SIGNIFICANT SHORT TERM FLUCTUATION
- One rain doesn’t mean fuck all

0-250

19
Q

How does the buildup (BUI) and initial spread (ISI) indices interrelate?

A

Combined values of expected fire spread coupled with total fuels available for consumption by fire provides an overall rating of fire intensity.

The combination of these two indices result in the FWI (fire weather index)

20
Q

What does FWI represent and how does it relate to fire danger rating?

How is it expressed?

A

Numerical rating of fire intensity that combines ISI and BUI. Serves as general index of fire danger.
FWI ratings go up to 50

Rank 1-6 depending on FWI rating

21
Q

What is the signif. of forest fire danger rating?

A
  • 3 danger regions driven by climate. Each have their own weighting of the FWI and BUI to determine fire danger.
  • Fire danger ratings are used to regulate high fire risk. Forest industrial operations in fire season.
  • Primarily used for the public

Fire Management (16 decks)

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