Influenza

Question 1

What do the H and N in H1/N1 represent?

Answer 1

Surface proteins Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase.

Question 2

What does Hemagglutinin do?

Answer 2

The hemagglutinin glycoprotein binds to the monosaccharide sialic acid on host cells

Question 3

What does Neuraminidase do?

Answer 3

1) remove sialic acid receptors from cells enabling virion liberation, 2) assist virus mobilty through resp tract

Question 4

What is the name of the Southern Hemisphere vaccine at May 2020?

Answer 4

Afluria Quad

Question 5

What is the name of the discount Northern Hemisphere vaccine at May 2020?

Answer 5

Influvac Tetra

Question 6

How many strains are there within the Southern Hemisphere May 2020 vaccine?

Answer 6

Four

Question 7

Which strains in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere vaccines are identical?

Answer 7

A H1N1 and B H1N1 (Phuket)

Question 8

Which strains are a close match in the Southern and Northern Hemisphere vaccines?

Answer 8

B/Washington in the Southern is similar to B/Colorado in the Northern

Question 9

What is the name of the 4th strain in each of the Southern and Northern Hemisphere vaccines?

Answer 9

A/South.Australia/H3N2 in the Southern and A/Kansas/H3N2 in the Northern

Question 10

What other vaccine can pregnant women get (in T2/3) besides influenza vaccine?

Answer 10

Pertussis

Question 11

What family do influenza viruses belong to?

Answer 11

Orthomyxoviridae

Question 12

How many segments do Type A and Type B have vs Type C

Answer 12

Type A & B have 8 RNA negative sense segments, and Type C has 7 negative sense RNA segments.

Question 13

How can Type A be further subdivided?

Answer 13

By surface glycoproteins H and N.

Question 14

What are the two most common Type A HN subtypes to infect humans?

Answer 14

H3N2 and H1N1

Question 15

In A/Duck/Alberta/35/76(H1N1) what do the 35 and 76 represent?

Answer 15

35th strain that was found

1976 is the year it was found

Question 16

Of Types A, B, and C, what is the order of mutation frequency (most to least)?

Answer 16

A, B, C

Question 17

Of Types A, B, C, which only infects humans, vs humans and animals?

Answer 17

Type A = animals and humans
Type B = only humans
Type C = humans and pigs

Question 18

Of Types A, B, and C, what is the incidence of infection frequency, from highest incidence to lowest?

Answer 18

A, B, C

Question 19

What is genetic drift and how does it influence Type A mutation?

Answer 19

Genetic drift is the random variation of alleles (form of a gene) as generations are replicated.

(younger generations are drifters)

Question 20

What are two ways that Type A changes and keeps re-infecting humans every year?

Answer 20

1. Genetic Drift

2. Antigenic Shift

Question 21

What is Antigenic Shift?

Answer 21

Antigenic Shift is the reassortment of genes between two strains, likely during co-infection of a single organism.

(shifting house to be with another person who has a pet pig)

Question 22

Which is the more common form of change in Type A, Genetic Drift, or Antigenic Shift?

Answer 22

Genetic Drift.

Question 23

How are influenza viruses spread?

Answer 23

Droplets eg cough/sneeze. Touching surfaces eg door handles.

Question 24

How long do influenza viruses survive on surfaces?

Answer 24

Up to 3 hours.

Question 25

What enzyme transcribes the negative sense RNA segments into positive sense segments in a cell?

Answer 25

RNA polymerase