Influence of early food exposures

Question 1

What is in group 4 in NOVA - ultra process foods?

Answer 1

Soft drinks, chocolate, ice cream, cake, cookies, packaged snacks, reconstituted meats, mass-produced packaged bread and instant foods.

Question 2

Why might UPF affect our eating behaviours?

Answer 2

Energy dense, fewer nutrients and less protein, quicker eating rate, exposure to phthalates and bisphenol, alterations to gut microbiome and gut-brain signalling.

Question 3

Could in utero exposure have an impact on eating behaviour?

Answer 3

Rodent models demonstrate in utero ultra processed food exposure cause hyperphagia. Could affect infant appetite through classical conditioning and altered brain reward circuitry

Question 4

In a study, what was the average of daily energy intake from ultra processed foods?

Answer 4

52.6±15.1%

Question 5

What evidence was found from an observational study?

Answer 5

Greater in utero UPF exposure predicted worse infant satiety responsiveness

Question 6

When do many parents feed their infants?

Answer 6

Feeding to soothe - emotion regulation feeding - could lead to emotional overeating

Question 7

What did an earlier introduction to sweets, later to fruits and frequent soothing with food predict?

Answer 7

Greater child emotional overeating

Question 8

What is the expectancy theory?

Answer 8

Behaviour -> outcome -> expectancies -> behaviour. The emotions we expect to feel while eat different foods