Atypical Language Development

Question 1

What is childhood aphasia?

Answer 1

A language impairment caused by damage to the parts of the brain that control language - can make children less fluent in their speech and have difficulty naming object

Question 2

How is childhood aphasia acquired?

Answer 2

By a stroke, brain trauma, tumours, infections etc.

Question 3

When is childhood aphasia typically diagnosed?

Answer 3

After the age of 2

Question 4

What are two types of developmental atypical language?

Answer 4

Developmental language disorder and ASD

Question 5

What is DLD?

Answer 5

A language disorder caused by a developmental delay but no obvious cause

Question 6

What is the criteria of DLD?

Answer 6

Language deficit, no hearing loss, no intellectual disability, no neurodegenerative conditions, no brain injury, education difficulties, social behvaioural problems and an increased risk of mental health issues

Question 7

When is DLD typically diagnosed?

Answer 7

Around 3

Question 8

What are the diagnostic tests used to test language development?

Answer 8

Picture, oral, grammatical vocab, sentences imitations and grammatical completion

Question 9

What is picture completion?

Answer 9

Point to the part of the picture that is missing

Question 10

What is Block design?

Answer 10

Child is shown a pattern and must recreate it with their own blocks

Question 11

What did Norbury find in relation to DLD?

Answer 11

That 7.58% of 4 to 6 year olds in the UK have DLD

Question 12

Which gender is most likely to have DLD?

Answer 12

Boys

Question 13

What are the problems with diagnosing DLD?

Answer 13

Not enough resources to test each child and not enough speech therapists and teachers. Also, low income children are often not referred to a speech therapist

Question 14

What are the psycholinguistic markers for DLD?

Answer 14

Performed poorly on sentence repetition, non-word repetition, third person singular and past tense task

Question 14

What are the characteristics of DLD?

Answer 14

Smaller verb inventory, slow in comprehending and producing new words and deficits in different language areas including morphosyntax, word learning and phonology.

Question 15

What domain of language areas is most challenging for children with DLD?

Answer 15

Morphosyntax

Question 16

What should children learn how to mark verbs for?

Answer 16

Agreement and tense

Question 17

What was the hypotheses of Sawyer et al?

Answer 17

Expected that children would make more errors on subject verb sequences and verbs that were heard more often in the bare form
Expected that the effects would be greater for children with DLD

Question 18

What was the formula of Pine et al experiment?

Answer 18

Select child and input corpora -> extract and identify verb marking errors -> calculate input measures -> analyse

Question 19

What was the findings for children with DLD on the corpora study?

Answer 19

Neither bare from subject verb sequences nor bare form verbs predicted verb marking errors.

Question 20

Summary of DLD

Answer 20

DLD is a developmental disorder that has no obvious cause.
 Language characteristics include deficits in word learning, morphosyntax
and non-word/sentence repetition (but children with DLD do not always
present the same problems).
 Approximately 7% of children have DLD but it is hard to identify due to
lack of resources and no gold standard of diagnosing.
 Children with DLD’s language often does not recover to
normal levels.

Question 20

What is the prognosis of children with DLD?

Answer 20

Their language often does not recover to normal levels and predictors of outcome vary with a child’s age