Inflammatory Response & Management Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of inflammation in the body?
* A) Cause pain and swelling
* B) Increase metabolism
* C) Protect, localize, and prepare injured tissue for healing
* D) Decrease blood flow to the injured area
C
Which of the following is typically not a characteristic sign of inflammation?
* A) Heat
* B) Redness
* C) Bruising
* D) Pain
C
Redness during inflammation is caused by:
* A) Increased metabolism
* B) Accumulation of fluid
* C) Vasodilation and increased blood flow
* D) Muscle guarding
C
What causes heat in an inflamed area?
* A) Infection
* B) Muscle spasms
* C) Increased metabolism
* D) Nerve compression
C
Pain during inflammation is due to:
* A) Muscle fatigue
* B) Chemical irritants or pressure on nerve endings
* C) Dehydration
* D) Heat production
B
Which of the following is not typically found in inflammatory exudate?
* A) Red blood cells
* B) Platelets
* C) Cartilage cells
* D) White blood cells
C
Muscle spasm during inflammation primarily serves to:
* A) Cause more injury
* B) Increase inflammation
* C) Protect and immobilize the area
* D) Strengthen surrounding muscles
C
Prolonged muscle guarding may lead:
* A) Improved blood flow
* B) Decreased metabolism
* C) Muscle spasm and low-grade inflammation
* D) Reduction in pain
C
What is the correct sequence in the cycle of trauma related to muscle spasm?
* A) Pain → Retention of metabolites → Restricted movement → Spasm
* B) Spasm → Pain → Retention of metabolites → Restricted movement
* C) Spasm → Restricted movement → Retention of metabolites → Pain
* D) Pain → Spasm → Restricted movement → Retention of metabolites
B
How can the trauma cycle be interrupted?
* A) Rest alone
* B) Massage only
* C) Ice only
* D) Medication and Ice
D
Which is the shortest phase of soft tissue healing?
* A) Remolding phase
* B) Fibroplastic phase
* C) Inflammatory (acute) phase
* D) Chronic phase
C
What is the typical duration of the inflammatory phase?
* A) 1-2 hours
* B) 48-72 hours
* C) 1-2 weeks
* D) One month
B
Fibroplasia refers to the laying down of:
* A) Type I muscle fibers
* B) White blood cells
* C) Type II fibroblasts (scar tissue)
* D) Nerve fibers
C
In which phase does collagen alignment along lines of stress occur?
* A) Inflammatory phase
* B) Remodeling/maturation phase
* C) Fibroplastic phase
* D) Resting phase
B
How long can the remodeling/maturation phase last?
* A) 2-3 days
* B) 1-2 weeks
* C) 3 months to 1 year
* D) Indefinitely
C
Margination in the cellular phase refers to:
* A) Red blood cell clumping
* B) Platelet activation
* C) White blood cells lining vessel walls
* D) Collagen synthesis
C
Diapedesis is the process of:
* A) Blood clot formation
* B) White blood cells passing through vessel walls
* C) White blood cells lining vessel walls
* D) Collagen synthesis
C
Phagocytosis involves:
* A) Clotting
* B) Vasodilation
* C) Cellular debris removal
* D) Scar formation
C
Primary healing occurs when:
* A) There is a large gap between wound edges
* B) There is minimal scar tissue formation
* C) There is excessive collagen production
* D) Vascularization is poor
B
Proper healing is dependent on all except:
* A) Elimination of cellular debris
* B) Adequate blood supply
* C) Avoiding re-injury
* D) Continuous inflammation
D
Excessive force during the remodeling phase can:
* A) Improve healing
* B) Delay healing
* C) Have no effect
* D) Stop fibroplast activity
B
The SAID principle refers to:
* A) Applying heat for healing
* B) The body’s ability to adapt to imposed demands
* C) Rest as the best healing approach
* D) Use of medication for inflammation
B
Which phases are most influenced by the SAID principle?
* A) Inflammatory and remodeling
* B) Fibroplastic and remodeling
* C) Inflammatory and fibroplastic
* D) None of them
B
Chemical trauma causing inflammation could be due:
* A) Foreign proteins
* B) Adhesives or latex
* C) Bone fracture
* D) Psychological stress
B
What type of inflammation trigger is psychological stress considered?
* A) Allergic
* B) Physical
* C) Chemical
* D) Psychosomatic
D
Which of the following is NOT a principle typically included in RICE or PRICE?
- A. Ice
- B. Rest
- C. Heat
- D. Elevation
C
The primary aim of the RICE protocol is to:
- A. Stimulate collagen synthesis
- B. Control chronic inflammation
- C. Control acute inflammation and support healing
- D. Increase metabolic activity
C
Which of the following is NOT a primary effect of cold application?
- A. Reduced Pain
- B. Increased tissue metabolism
- C. Decreased circulation
- D. Reduced secondary hypoxic injury
B
Compared to heat, cold:
- A. Penetrates less deeply
- B. Stimulates inflammation
- C. Penetrates more deeply
- D. Is less effective in acute injury
C
Which of the following cold sensations is experienced last during application?
- A. Burning
- B. Aching
- C. Numbness
- D. Cold
C
Crushed ice is more effective than ice cubes because:
- A. It melts slower
- B. It’s colder
- C. It confirms botter to the joint
- D. It contains more water
C
Cryokinetics combines cold therapy with:
* A. Immobilization
* B. Stretching
* C. Active Exercise
* D. Electrical Stimulation
C
Cryokinetics is typically used during which healing phase?
* A. Acute inflammatory phase
* B. Fibroplastic/subacute phase
* C. Remodeling phase
* D. Chronic inflammatory stage
B
Raynaud’s Phenomenon is a contraindication for cryotherapy because it:
* A. Increases blood flow too quickly
* B. Causes excessive swelling
* C. Triggers abnormal vascular response in extremities
* D. Stimulates nerve regeneration
C
Symptoms of Raynaud’s phenomenon include:
- A. Hyperthermia and redness
- B. Pain, numbness, tingling, cyanosis
- C. Joint stiffness
- D. Muscle fatigue
B
The primary purpose of compression is to:
- A. Reduce inflammation by increasing capillary flow
- B. Increase tissue metabolism
- C. Reduce swelling and fluid accumulation
- D. Immobilize the limb
C
Compression works by influencing which physiological forces?
- A. Thermal conduction
- B. Starling’s Law (hydrostatic + osmotic pressures)
- C. Gravity and momentum
- D. Neural inhibition and reflex activity
B
Which of the following is NOT a method of applying compression?
- A. Elastic wraps
- B. Hydrocollator packs
- C. Braces
- D. Compressive pads
B
Compression can help align torn tissue by:
- A. Reducing metabolic rate
- B. Enhancing fluid seepage into tissue
- C. Limiting swelling that separates the fibers
- D. Reversing blood clotting
C
Elevation helps reduce swelling by:
- A. Slowing metabolism
- B. Increasing lymphatic resistance
- C. Lowering capillary hydrostatic pressure
- D. Enhancing blood pressure
C
For optimal effect, the injured area should be elevated:
- A. Just below the heart
- B. At heart level
- C. No elevation is necessary
- D. Above the heart
D
The purpose of rest in RICE protocol is to:
- A. Promote healing
- B. Prevent further injury and inflammation
- C. Increase joint stiffness
- D. Improve blood clotting
B
During early healing, complete rest should eventually transition to:
- A. Vigorous exercise
- B. Painful stretching
- C. Restricted function and gradual reloading
- D. Electrical stimulation
C
Secondary hypoxic injury refers to:
- A. Initial trauma caused by external forces
- B. Additional tissue death due to restricted oxygen
- C. Inflammatory cell activation
- D. Muscle tearing from overload
B
Which treatment is most effective in minimizing secondary hypoxic injury?
- A. Heat
- B. Elevation
- C. Cold application
- D. Massage
C
Cold therapy decreases:
- A. Tissues stiffness
- B. Pain and circulation
- C. Tissue oxygenation
- D. Metabolic waste clearance
B
Compression prevents swelling from seeping into tissues by:
- A. Breaking down proteins
- B. Raison osmotic pressure
- C. Inhibiting hydrostatic flow
- D. Forcing fluid away from injury
D
Swelling under injured tissue can:
- A. Stimulate fibroblasts
- B. Assist regeneration
- C. Separate tissue fibers and delay healing
- D. Improve nerve conduction
C
Compression and cold are most effective when used:
- A. Alternately in 12-hour intervals
- B. Immediately and continuously for the first 24 hours
- C. After 48 hours rest
- D. In the remodeling phase
B
