Foot, Ankle & Lower Leg Injuries Flashcards
What type of joint is the talocrural joint?
- A. hinge
- B. saddle
- C. pivot
- D. ball & socket
A
What is the primary function of the sinus tarsi?
- A. Provide stability to the heel
- B. Serve as a passage for tendons
- C. Contribute to the stability of the subtalar joint
- D. Connect the foot and the ankle
C
A pes cavus foot is characterized by:
- A. An exaggerated arch
- B. A flat arch
- C. Medial rotation
- D. Lateral rotation
A
Which ligament is not part of the lateral ankle?
- A. Anterior Talofibular ligament
- B. Calcaneofibular ligament
- C. Tibiocalcaneal ligament
- D. Posterior talofibular ligament
C
What is a common symptom of an ingrown toenail?
- A. Swelling and redness at the toe edge
- B. Numbness in the toes
- C. Cold toes
- D. Mallet toe
A
What is a turf tow caused by?
- A. Gradual onset of pain
- B. Hyperextension of the great toe
- C. Inversion of the toe
- D. Toe flexion
B
What is the main sign of compartment syndrome in the lower leg?
- A. Gradual onset of pain
- B. Discolouration of the skin
- C. Increased compartment pressure
- D. Swelling with tightness and pain
D
Subungual hematoma is best described as:
- A. Inflammation of the nail bed
- B. A collection of blood under the toenail
- C. Fungal infection of the nail
- D. Separation of the nail from the nail bed
B
Which retinaculum is involved in stabilizing the tendons of the tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and the tiberialis posterior artery and nerve?
- A. Flexor retinaculum
- B. Extensor retinaculum
- C. Lateral retinaculum
- D. Medial retinaculum
A
Claw tow deformity primarily affects which joint?
- A. Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint
- B. Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint
- C. Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint
- D. Ankle joint
C
What is the primary cause of Achilles rupture?
- A. Chronic inflammation
- B. Degenerative changes
- C. Acute trauma
- D. Bacterial infection
B
The anterior drawer test of the ankle assesses damage to which ligament?
- A. Tibionavicular ligament
- B. Calcaneofibular ligament
- C. Anterior talofibular ligament
- D. Posterior talofibular ligament
C
What does the term ‘pes planus’ refer to?
- A. High arch
- B. Flat foot
- C. Inverted foot
- D. Everted foot
B
Which condition is characterized by pain at the medial calcaneal tubercle?
- A. Plantar fasciitis
- B. Achilles tendonitis
- C. Calcaneal bursitis
- D. Tarsal tunnel syndrome
A
What is the result of excessive functional pronation?
- A. Bunion formation
- B. Ankle stability
- C. Increase susceptibility to injury
- D. Decreased energy efficiency
A
Mallet toe affects which joint?
- A. Metatarsophalangeal
- B. Proximal interphalangeal
- C. Distal interphalangeal
- D. Ankle
C
What is a typical conservative treatment for an ingrown toenail?
- A. Surgical removal
- B. Antibiotics and warm soaks
- C. Ice and elevation
- D. Fit it by itself
B
Hallux rigidus is a condition that results in:
- A. Flexibility in the big toe
- B. Stiffness and pain in the big toe
- C. Lateral deviation of the big toe
- D. Dropping of the big toe
B
Which of the following is not a common cause of plantar fasciitis?
- A. Overuse
- B. high arches
- C. Weak foot muscles
- D. Excessive weight gain
C
True or false?
The retinaculum is a fibrous band over the top of tendons which holds and stabilizes them in place and giving them a biomechanical advantage.
true
Which muscle tendon is NOT found under the extensor retinaculum?
- A. Peroneals
- B. Tibialis anterior
- C. Extensor digitorum longus
- D. Extensor digitorum brevis
A
True or false?
The tarsal tunnel is found under the extensor retinaculum.
False
The tarsal tunnel is found under the flexor retinaculum.
True or false?
The peroneals muscle group tendon are found under the lateral retinaculum.
True
