Inflammatory Conditions Flashcards
What are the three primary theories regarding the aetiology of inflammatory conditions affecting joints?
The theories surrounding the aetiology of inflammatory joint conditions include genetic predisposition, infection, and autoimmunity. These factors suggest a complex interplay between inherited traits, external pathogens, and the body’s immune response.
Describe the process of pannus formation in the context of joint inflammation.
Pannus is formed by the infiltration of vascular synovium around the articular cartilage. This inflamed tissue, which is dull red, appears to erode and destroy the cartilage from the edges, contributing to joint damage.
List four common characteristics of joint inflammation.
Common characteristics of joint inflammation include pain on movement, swelling in or around the joint, heat, and redness of the overlying skin. Restricted motion, stiffness, and loss of function are also typical signs.
What are DMARDs and what role do they play in managing inflammatory conditions?
DMARDs, or Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs, are medications used to slow or stop the progression of inflammatory joint conditions. These drugs alter the course of the disease rather than just treating symptoms, unlike some other medications.
How does Rheumatoid Arthritis typically present in its early stages?
Rheumatoid Arthritis often starts with slowly increasing stiffness and aching in the small joints, particularly in the hands. Additionally, patients may experience morning stiffness, joint inflammation, carpal tunnel syndrome, and tenosynovitis.
Describe two common deformities that can result from Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Two common deformities resulting from Rheumatoid Arthritis include ulnar deviation of the fingers and joint contractures leading to reduced range of motion. These changes are often caused by ligamentous laxity and chronic inflammation.
What are the main differences between Juvenile Chronic Arthritis and adult Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Juvenile Chronic Arthritis (JCA) is less common than adult RA and is characterised by systemic effects that are more prominent than in the adult form. Children may present with fever, lymph gland involvement, anaemia, and uveitis, whereas adults typically have a greater emphasis on joint symptoms.
What is enthesitis and which inflammatory condition is it primarily associated with?
Enthesitis refers to the inflammation of the entheses, the sites where tendons and ligaments attach to the bone surface. This inflammation is primarily associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis, which typically affects young adults and the spine.
What is the key clinical feature of Ankylosing Spondylitis and how does it affect the spine?
A key clinical feature of Ankylosing Spondylitis is the ossification of the spinal ligaments and intervertebral discs. This process transforms the spine into a rigid rod and can result in a gradually increasing kyphosis, limiting movement.
Explain the underlying metabolic issue that causes Gout.
Gout is a metabolic disease caused by the deposition of urates in the tissues, often due to hyperuricaemia. This excess of uric acid can form crystals that deposit in joints and soft tissues, leading to painful inflammation.
