Inflammation & Repair Flashcards
Define hyperaemia, oedema (exudate vs transudate), effusion, resolution, organisation, ulcer & abscess.
hyperaemia: increased blood flow
oedema (exudate vs transudate): Fluid leaking into interstitial tissue (high or low protein depending on permeability)
effusion: Accumulation of fluid into a body cavity
resolution: Restoration of normal structure and function
organisation: Healing via scarring
ulcer: lesion on the surface lining
abscess: Encapsulation of narcotic tissue
What form of cell death causes an inflammatory response?
Necrosis
What are the 3 features of acute inflammation?
Hyperaemia
Oedema (Exudate)
Neutrophil infiltration
What are the 3 possible outcomes of acute inflammation?
Resolution
Organisation
Chronic Inflammation
What are the 3 main components of granulation tissue & their role/purpose in repair?
Macrophages - clean up necrotic tissue
Fibroblasts - produce collagen to fill in the empty space
Angiogenesis - provides blood (o2 nutrients)
What are the consequences of healing through organisation?
Loss of functional tissue = loss in function
Scarring can contract distorting the structure and function of surrounding tissue and organs
What are the 3 main causes of chronic inflammation?
Unresolved acute
Repeated acute
Special cases: autoimmune, hypersensitivity and Tb
Define the 3 general features of chronic inflammation?
Continued injury
Repeated Repair (granulation tissue)
Lymphocytes
Describe the possible negative consequences of chronic inflammation.
Loss of function
collagen scars contract
continued granulation imposes on other functional tissue
Increase risk of cancer
chronically stimulated proliferation of epithelial cells
What is meant by sterile & non-sterile sites in the human body?
Non-sterile sites are where microbes are often found
Sterile shouldn’t have microorganisms, just being there causes disease
What’s the main differences between the innate & adaptive systems.
Innate fast response Non-specific germline encoded e.g. neutrophils macrophages etc
Adaptive Slow Targeted learns and remembers T cells and B cells
What are autoimmune & hypersensitivity responses.
Autoimmune: The immune system attacks something non-harmful
Hypersensitivity: The immune system over-reacts to a stimulus causing disease
What is meant by the term immune-compromised & the patients at risk.
If innate or adaptive immune defences are impaired in any way it increases the risk of infection and cancer
Q6. Which of the following is TRUE
Organisation only occurs in chronic inflammation.
Organisation results in loss of functional tissue.
Organisation always occurs in acute inflammation.
Organisation is not possible in the brain.
Organisation is stimulated by neutrophils.
Organisation results in loss of functional tissue.
