Inflammation/Immunity Flashcards
type of WBC, most plentiful, phagocytosis of microorganism. First responder
neutrophil
type of disease-fighting WBC (parasitic infection, allergic reaction, or cancer)
eosinophil
type of WBC, produced in bone marrow, if low could be due to severe allergic reactions, release of histamine leading to inflmmations
basophil
type of WBC, produced in bone marrow, phagocytosis-eat everything
monocytes
WBC, produced in bone marrow, found in blood and lymph tissue
lymphocytes
active in cell mediated immune; fights against infection
T lymphocytes
produces antibodies; book of knowledge
B lymphocytes
locate and eat bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite, born from monocytes
macrophage
immune cells of myeloid linage and present in connective tissues immediate inflammatory response such as hypersensitivity and allergic reaction
mast cells
promotes stimulation of nerve receptors at site and increase pain
bradykinin inflammatory mediator
promotes stimulation of nerve receptors at site and increase pain; initiate fevers
prostaglandin inflammatory mediator
increase capillary permeability-vasodilation, histamine, serotine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes
chemical mediators
store multiple inflammatory molecules interact with leukocytes and support their interaction. they do not remove debris and dead cells
platelets
Injury
Vasoconstriction
Mast cells degranulation releasing chemical mediators
Vasodilation
Bottleneck of blood
Increased capillary permeability-allowing blood components to move into the interstitial space (including fluid and WBC’s to start the cleanup process and continues the inflammatory response)
Edema-due to excess fluid in the interstitial compartment
Steps of inflammation
most common, fight infection, passive immunity for fetus
IgG
first responder, incompatibility reaction to blood
IgM
tears and saliva, protection for newborns via colostrum
IgA
response to allergens, release histamine and trigger inflammtion
IgE
activate B-cells
IgD
Defend against bacteria
Activated with IgG or IgM antibodies
complement systems
process of acquiring an immunity-primary response
i. person is first exposed to antigent
ii. antigen recognized and processed
iii. development of antibodies is initiatiate (1-2 weeks)
process of acquiring an immunity-secondary response
i. second or repeated exposure to antigent
ii. rapid and results in increased level of antibody
i. pathogens enter body and cause illness
ii. antibodies form in host
iii. memory
iv. person has chicken pox once
active natural immunity
i. vaccine is injected into person
ii. no illness
iii. antibodies form
iv. memory
v. person had measles vaccine and gains immunity
active artificial immunity
i. antibodies pass directly from mother to child to provide temporary protection
ii. No memory
iii. Pacental passage during pregnancy or ingestion of breast milk
natural passive immunity
i. antibodies injected into person (antiserum ) to provide temporary protection or minimize severity of infection
ii. No memory
iii. Gammaglobulin if recent exposure to microbe
articial passive immunity
a. begins with exposure to allergen and develops IgE antibodies from B lymphocytes
b. antibodies attach to mast cells creating sensitized mast cells
ex. hay fever, anaphylaxis
effect-immediate inflammation and pruritus
Type 1 allergic reaction
a. example of ABO blood incompatibility
b. mechanism- IgG or IgM reacts with antigen on cell. complement activated
c. effects: cell lysis and phagocytosis
Type II cytotoxic hypersensitivity
examples: a. autoimmune disorders: SLE and glomerulonephritis b. mechanism i.antigen-antibody complex deposits in tissue ii. complement activated effects i. inflammation ii. vasculitis
Type III immune Complex
examples a. contact dermatitis b. transplant rejection mechanism a. antigen bind to t-lymphocyte b. sensitized lymphocyte release lymphokines effects a. delayed inflammation usually more than 24 hours
Type IV cell-mediated or delayed
I.Compromised or lack of immune response II. Causes a. primary- basic developmental failure in system b. secondary-or acquired, loss of immune response resulting from a specific cause Risk a. increased risk for cancer b. opportunistic infections c. AIDS
Immunodeficieny
spread to distant sites by blood or lymphatic channels
metastasis
classification process; describe the degree of metastasis and involvement of lymph nodes
staging
degree of differentiation of malignant cells
grading
