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Practice Quiz > Fluid Electrolytes ABG-2nd Review > Flashcards

Fluid Electrolytes ABG-2nd Review Flashcards

1
Q

Weight gain is s/sx of what fluid_______?

A

Fluid excess

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2
Q

Weight loss is s/sx of what fluid_______?

A

Fluid deficit

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3
Q

Slow bounding pulse is s/sx of what fluid______?

A

Fluid excess

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4
Q

Elevated BP is s/sx of what fluid ______?

A

Fluid excess

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5
Q

Decreased Hematocrit is s/sx of what fluid______?

A

Fluid excess

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6
Q

Decreased Serum Na is s/sx of what fluid _______?

A

Fluid excess

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7
Q

Decreased urine specific gravity is s/sx of what fluid______?

A

Fluid excess

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8
Q

Increase urine volume is s/sx of what fluid ____?

A

Fluid excess

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9
Q

Rapid, weak, thready pulse is s/sx of what fluid______?

A

Fluid deficit

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10
Q

Low, orthostatic hypotension is s/sx of what fluid_____?

A

Fluid deficit

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11
Q

Increased Hematocrit

A

Fluid deficit

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12
Q

Increased Serum Na

A

Fluid deficit

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13
Q

Increase urine specific gravity

A

Fluid deficit

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14
Q

Decreased urine volume

A

Fluid deficit

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15
Q

Localized swelling (feet, hands, periorbital area, ascites)

A

Fluid excess

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16
Q

Pale, gray, or red skin color

A

Fluid excess

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17
Q

Lethargy possible seizures

A

Fluid excess

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18
Q

Pulmonary congestion, cough, rales

A

Fluid excess

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19
Q

Sunken eyes, soft

A

Fluid deficit

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20
Q

Decreased skin turgor, dry mucous membranes

A

Fluid deficit

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21
Q

Fatigue, weakness, dizziness, possible stupor

A

Fluid deficit

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22
Q

Increased body temperature

A

Fluid deficit

23
Q

What is the normal range of Potassium

A

3.5-5 meq/L

24
Q

Bananas, citrus fruits, raisins, lentils, cantaloupe, strawberries, and tablets are sources for?

A

Potassium

25
Q

Function: Regulation of intercellular fluid, nerve conduction, and muscle contraction. Has the biggest effect on the heart.

A

Potassium

26
Q

Dysthymia
Muscle weakness, fatigue
Nausea, anorexia, paresthesia, polyuria, nocturia
s/sx of?

A

hypokalemia

27
Q

Diarrhea, malnutrition, drug/hormone (diuretics, glucocorticoids, aldosterone, insulin) causes

A

hypokalemia

28
Q 
Dysrhythmia/arrest
muscle weakness, fatigue, paralysis
Nausea, diarrhea
Paresthesia
Oliguria
s/sx of?
A

hyperkalemia

29
Q

Renal failure

Drugs/hormones (low aldosterone, K-sparring diuretics), third spacing (crush/burn injuries)

A

hyperkalemia

30
Q

What is the normal range of Calcium?

A

9-10.5 mg/dL

31
Q

Sources of food: dairy,dark leafy (kale, okra, spinach), dried beans, fish with bones

A

Calcium

32
Q

Function: bone/teeth strength, nerve membrane stability, muscle contraction, metabolic processes (blood clotting)

A

Calcium

33
Q

Who is calcium’s BFF?

A

Vitamin D, they go everywhere togeether. Without Vitamin D calcium is useless.

34
Q

Who does calcium have an inverse relationship with?

A

Phosphorus, when calcium is high phosphorus is low.

35
Q

stabilizes the sodium channels inside neurons which help prevent random depolarization, when there is too much of it, the sodium channels can’t open and the neuron cant depolarizes and fire.

A

Calcium

36
Q

two signs of hypocalcemia that NCLEX love to test.

A

positive Trosseaus sign- blood pressure cuff is inflated for a prolonged period of time (3-5 minutes) which irritates the nerves.Since the nerves and muscles were already hyperstimulated from the lack of calcium, the hand and fingers will twitch and flex.

positive Chvosteks sign-tap over the facial nerve. with hypocalcemia, the neurons are over stimulated causing muscle-twitches in the face when they are tapped.

37
Q 
s/sx
Skeletal muscle excitation (spasm, twiching)
Positive Chvostek
Positive Trousseaus sign
cramps; tingling fingers
Cardiac muscle weakness (arrhythmias, hypotension)
confusion, irritability
hyperactive DTR
A

Hypocalcemia

38
Q 
Causes of what?
hypoparathydroidism
Malabsorption syndrome
decrease serum albumin
Alkalosis
A

Hypocalcemia

39
Q 
s/sx
Generalized weakness (anorexia, nausea, constipation, lethargy, bone pain, fractures)
Polyuria
Thirst
Kidney stones
Prolonged/strong cardiac contraction
arrhythmias, hypertension
A

Hypercalcemia

40
Q 
Causes of what?
Hyperparathyroidism
Bone cancer
Immobility
Excessive intake of milk/antacids
A

Hypercalcemia

41
Q

Sources: dietary, processed/canned foods, salted nuts

A

sodium

42
Q

Function: fluid regulation, nerve conduction, muscle contraction

A

sodium

43
Q

The normal level of sodium is

A

135-145 meq/L

44
Q 
Anorexia
Nausea
Muscle cramps
Abdominal cramps
Fatigue
Lethargy
Muscle weakness
Headache
Confusion
Seizures (brain swelling)
hypotension
A

hyponatremia

45
Q 
Excessive loss (sweating, diarrhea, vomiting; use of some diuretics, low salt diet, hormonal imbalance,
renal failure)
A

hyponatremia

46
Q 
S/sx
Thirst, dry sticky tongue
Weakness, lethargy, agitation
Increased body temperature
Flushed skin and increase urine output
A

hypernatremia

47
Q 
Causes:
Excessive intake
Watery loss (diarrhea, loss of thirst mechanism
prolonged period of respiration
A

hypernatremia

48
Q

What is the normal level of magnesium?

A

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

49
Q

Sources such as green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains

A

Magnesium

50
Q

Regulates the parathyroid hormone release (PTH)

and inhibit neurons and muscles

A

Magnesium

inhibits release of PTH therefore release of calcium is also reduced.

51
Q 
S/sx
Tremors
Insomnia
Personality change
Increased heart rate
Arrythmias
Increased DTR
A

Hypomagnesemia

52
Q 
Causes
Overuse of diuretics
DKA
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperaldosteronism
A

hypomagnesemia

53
Q 
s/sx
Depressed neuromuscular function
Decreased DTR
Lethargy
Cardiac
Arrythmias
A

hypermagnesemia

54
Q

Causes

Renal failure

A

hypermagnesemia

Practice Quiz (13 decks)

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