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Practice Quiz > Chapter 1 Book and Study Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Book and Study Questions Flashcards

1
Q

concerns the causative factors in a particular disease

A

etiology

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2
Q

the number of new cases of a disease in a given population noted within a stated time period

A

Incidence

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3
Q

a condition that triggers onset or exacerbation of disease

A

Precipitating factor

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4
Q

new secondary or additional problems that arise after the original disease begins

A

Complication

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5
Q

the probability of specific outcomes

A

Prognosis

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6
Q

refers to a disease caused by the actions of a health care worker, including treatment, diagnosis, or failure to recognize complications

A

Iatrogenic

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7
Q

occurs when one mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type that is functiona

A

Metaplasia

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8
Q

referred to as cancer and involve dysplastic tissues.

A

Malignant neoplasms

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9
Q

programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

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10
Q

an area of ischemic and necrotic tissue that has been invaded by bacteria

A

Gangrene

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11
Q

indicates a short term illness that develops quickly with marked signs such as fever or severe pain.
For ex. acute appendicitis

A

Acute disease

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12
Q

Milder conditions devleoping gradually such as rheumatoid arthritis but it persist for a long time and usually cause more permanent tissue damage. Often marked by intermittent acute episodes

A

Chronic disease

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13
Q

Occurs when there are higher than expected number of cases of infectious diseases within a given area

A

Epidemic

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14
Q

Higher number of cases in many regions of the globe

A

Pandemic

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15
Q

decrease in the size of cells resulting in a reduced tissue mass.
Common causes: reduced used of the tissue, insufficient nutrition, decreased neurologic or hormonal stimulation and aging.
ex. shrinkage of skeletal muscle that occurs when limb is immobilized for several weeks.

A

Atrophy

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16
Q

Increase in the size of the individual cells in an enlarged tissue mass
ex. consistent exercise on skeletal muscle leads to enlarged muscle mass

A

Hypertrophy

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17
Q

Increased number of cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass.

A

Hyperplasia

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18
Q

Occurs when one mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type.
Sometimes an adaptive mechanism that provides more resistant tissue

A

Metaplasia

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19
Q

Tissue in which the cells vary in size and shape, large nuclei are frequently present, and the rate of mitosis is increased.
May result from chronic irritation infection or precancerous change.
Detection of dysplasia is the basis of routing screening tests for atypical cells such as pap smears.

A

Dysplasia

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20
Q

“new growth” and neoplasm called tumor
two types:
malignant
benign

A

Neoplasia

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21
Q

Cellular changes-

a decrease in size of a leg after being in a cast for 6 weeks

A

atrophy

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22
Q

Cellular changes-

breast enlargement at puberty

A

hyperplasia

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23
Q

Cellular changes-a dramatic increase in muscle mass in an Olympic weight lifter

A

hypertrophy

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24
Q

Cellular changes-a very aggressively growing cancer mass

A

neoplasia

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25
Q

Cellular change-benign tumor growing along the spine

A

neoplasia

26
Q

Cellular changes-the changes that occur in the lower extremities of some paralyzed below the waist.

A

atrophy

27
Q

Cellular changes-a pressure is under a poorly fitting denture

A

atrophy

28
Q

Cellular changes-the changes that often occur over years in the respiratory tract of a smoker

A

metaplasia

29
Q

Cellular changes-the changes responsible for an abnormal Pap smear

A

dysplasia

30
Q

Cellular changes-the response of the skeletal system to excessive growth hormone

A

hyperplasia

31
Q

Cellular changes-the thyroid gland’s response to hypersecretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone.

A

metaplasia, neoplasia, dysplasia

32
Q

Cellular changes-the liver’s response to prolonged drug intoxication (e.g. chronic alcohol abuse)

A

hyperplasia

33
Q

Cellular changes-the changes that occur in the gallbladder with the development of gallstones

A

hypertrophy

34
Q

Cellular changes-the thyroid gland’s response to decreased iodine intake

A

hyperplasia

35
Q

Cellular changes-the effect of decreased pituitary function on the adrenal glands

A

atrophy

36
Q

Cellular changes-the development of callus on the hands of an individual involved in heavy physical labor

A

hyperplasia

37
Q

Which of cellular adaptation is considered the most dangerous?

A

Dysplasia; maybe a forerunner of neoplasia

38
Q

what is the significance of anaplasia

A

Failure of cells to differentiate or develop specialized features; a term applied to grading malignant tumors

39
Q

Eight causes of cellular damage

A
  1. ischemia- decreased supply of O2 blood to. a tissue or organ d/t circulatory obstruction
  2. Physical agents (extreme temperature, radiation exposure)
  3. Mechanical damage
  4. Chemical toxins
  5. Pathogen
  6. Abnormal metabolites
  7. Nutritional deficits
  8. Fluid electrolyte imbalances
40
Q

a tumor

A

neoplasia

41
Q

number of new cases of diseases

A

incidence

42
Q

worsening of disease

A

exacerbation

43
Q

death rate

A

mortality

44
Q

tissue enlargement caused by an increase in cell number

A

hyperplasia

45
Q

tissue death

A

necrosis

46
Q

development of a disease

A

pathogenesis

47
Q

the study of the cause of a disease

A

etiology

48
Q

a specific local change in tissue

A

lesion

49
Q

a condition that continues for a prolonged period

A

chronic

50
Q

originating inside the body

A

endogenous

51
Q

condition in which cells fail to develop specialized features

A

anaplasia

52
Q

condition with sudden onset and severe symptoms

A

acute

53
Q

tissue enlargement due to increased cells size

A

hypertrophy

54
Q

shoveling snow on a cold day (may cause heart problems)

A

precipitating factor-condition that triggers an acute episode

55
Q

unknown cause

A

idiopathic

56
Q

a condition resulting in atypical cervical cells

A

dysplasia

57
Q

disease caused by a treatment procedure

A

iatrogenic

58
Q

contagious condition

A

communicable

59
Q

objective indicator of a disease

A

sign

60
Q

substitution of one mature cell type with a different cell type

A

metaplasia

61
Q

originating outside the body

A

exogenous

62
Q

decreased O2

A

hypoxia

Practice Quiz (13 decks)

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