Inflammation Flashcards
1
Q
Describe Acute Inflammation
A
- Immediate and rapid onset and reaction
- Innate immunity
- Neutrophil predominance
- Duration: hrs to weeks
- Prominent vascular response
- Vasodilation –> Increased permeability (Transudation) –> Transmigration (Exudation)
2
Q
Describe Chronic Inflammation
A
- Persistent and slow onset and reaction
- Cell-mediate immunity
- Monocytes and lymphocytes predominance
- Duration: weeks to years
- Less prominent vascular response
- Influx of Leukocytes
- Increased extracellular matrix
3
Q
What are main functions/reasons for inflammation?
A
- Localizes or eliminates the cause of injury.
- Removes injured tissue components
- Leads to repair
4
Q
What are Cardinal Signs of Inflammation?
A
- Redness (rubor)
- Tumor (swelling)
- Heat (Calor)
- Pain (Dolor)
- Loss of Function (Functio Laesa)
5
Q
What are examples of vasoactive mediators?
A
Vasoactive mediators are produced in response to tissue injury to increase vascular permeability.
- fibrin split products
- Kinins (bradykinin)
- C3a, C5a
- Histamine
- Serotonin
- Prostaglandins
- Leukotrienes (inflammatory active compound)
- Platelet activating factor
- Nitric Oxide
6
Q
What are two receptors on PMN that are essential for microbial binding and phagocytosis.
A
C3b receptor & Fc receptor
7
Q
Stages of Phagocytosis
A
- Phagocytic cell (like PMN) binds to a microbe through C3b and Fc receptors.
- Phagosome formation
- Lysosome merges with phagosome to form a phagolysosome to kill the microbe.
8
Q
Stages of Phagocytic Cell Oxidative Burst
A
- NADPH oxidase turns molecular oxygen into superoxide (O2-).
- Superoxide dismutase turns superoxide anion to H2O2.
- Through series of reactions, HOCl and OH* (attack DNA) are created that are toxic.
9
Q
What is CGD?
A
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- An inherited disorder of phagocytic cells that is due to an inability of phagocytes to produce O2- caused by NADPH defect.
