Cytokines Flashcards
What are Cytokines?
Small soluble proteins produced in response to an antigen and function as chemical messengers to regulate innate and adaptive immune systems.
Pleiotropic Cytokine
A cytokine that can act on many different types of cells.
Redundant Cytokine
Many different types of cytokines that have the same function.
Multifunctional Cytokine
The same cytokine is able to regulate many different functions.
Antagonistic Cytokines
One cytokine stimulates a defense function while another cytokine inhibits that function.
Synergistic Cytokines
Two different cytokines produce a greater effect in combination than either of the two alone.
What are four types of cytokines?
- Innate immunity cytokines
- Adaptive immunity cytokines
- chemokines
- Hematopoietic cytokines
What are 3 Hematopoietic Cytokines?
- IL-3
- CSF
- IL-7
What is the function of IL-3? What makes it?
Supports the growth of multi-lineage bone marrow stem cells.
- made in T-lymphocyte
What is the function of CSF?
Promote the production of colonies of the different leukocytes in the bone marrow and enhance their activity.
What is the function of IL-7? What makes it?
Helps immature B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte to survive and proliferate.
- made by fibroblasts and bone marrow stromal cells.
What are 3 Chemokines?
- CXCL8 (IL-8)
- CXCL2 (MIP-2)
- CCL2 (MCP-1)
What is the function of CXCL8?
aka. IL-8
Recruits neutrophils
What is the function of CXCL2?
aka. MIP-2
Recruits naive T-cells
What is the function of CCL2?
aka. MCP-1
activates and recruits macrophages
What cytokines are secreted by Macrophages?
- TNF (activate endothelium)
- IL-1 (activate endothelium, cause fever)
- IL-6 (stimulating factor of APR)
- IL-8 (recruits neutrophils)
- IL-12 (promotes differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells)
What cytokines are secreted by all T cells?
- IL 2 (Promotes proliferation and differentiation of all types of T Cells)
- IL 3 (promotes proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow)
What cytokine is secreted by Th1 Cells?
IFN-Y (secreted in response to antigen; stimulates phagocytosis of macrophages)
What cytokines are secreted by Th2 Cells?
- IL-4 (“2 BEG 4 Help”; promotes differentiation of T cells into Th2 cells; promote B cells to class switch to IgE and IgG).
- IL-5 (promotes proliferation and differentiation of B Cells–> IgA)
- IL-10 (attenuate/decrease inflammatory response).
What cytokine is secreted by NK Cells?
IFN-Y (secreted in response to antigen; stimulates phagocytosis of macrophages)
