Cytokines

Question 1

What are Cytokines?

Answer 1

Small soluble proteins produced in response to an antigen and function as chemical messengers to regulate innate and adaptive immune systems.

Question 2

Pleiotropic Cytokine

Answer 2

A cytokine that can act on many different types of cells.

Question 3

Redundant Cytokine

Answer 3

Many different types of cytokines that have the same function.

Question 4

Multifunctional Cytokine

Answer 4

The same cytokine is able to regulate many different functions.

Question 5

Antagonistic Cytokines

Answer 5

One cytokine stimulates a defense function while another cytokine inhibits that function.

Question 6

Synergistic Cytokines

Answer 6

Two different cytokines produce a greater effect in combination than either of the two alone.

Question 7

What are four types of cytokines?

Answer 7

1. Innate immunity cytokines
2. Adaptive immunity cytokines
3. chemokines
4. Hematopoietic cytokines

Question 8

What are 3 Hematopoietic Cytokines?

Answer 8

1. IL-3
2. CSF
3. IL-7

Question 9

What is the function of IL-3? What makes it?

Answer 9

Supports the growth of multi-lineage bone marrow stem cells.

• made in T-lymphocyte

Question 10

What is the function of CSF?

Answer 10

Promote the production of colonies of the different leukocytes in the bone marrow and enhance their activity.

Question 11

What is the function of IL-7? What makes it?

Answer 11

Helps immature B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte to survive and proliferate.

• made by fibroblasts and bone marrow stromal cells.

Question 12

What are 3 Chemokines?

Answer 12

1. CXCL8 (IL-8)
2. CXCL2 (MIP-2)
3. CCL2 (MCP-1)

Question 13

What is the function of CXCL8?

Answer 13

aka. IL-8

Recruits neutrophils

Question 14

What is the function of CXCL2?

Answer 14

aka. MIP-2

Recruits naive T-cells

Question 15

What is the function of CCL2?

Answer 15

aka. MCP-1

activates and recruits macrophages

Question 16

What cytokines are secreted by Macrophages?

Answer 16

• TNF (activate endothelium)
• IL-1 (activate endothelium, cause fever)
• IL-6 (stimulating factor of APR)
• IL-8 (recruits neutrophils)
• IL-12 (promotes differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells)

Question 17

What cytokines are secreted by all T cells?

Answer 17

• IL 2 (Promotes proliferation and differentiation of all types of T Cells)
• IL 3 (promotes proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow)

Question 18

What cytokine is secreted by Th1 Cells?

Answer 18

IFN-Y (secreted in response to antigen; stimulates phagocytosis of macrophages)

Question 19

What cytokines are secreted by Th2 Cells?

Answer 19

• IL-4 (“2 BEG 4 Help”; promotes differentiation of T cells into Th2 cells; promote B cells to class switch to IgE and IgG).
• IL-5 (promotes proliferation and differentiation of B Cells–> IgA)
• IL-10 (attenuate/decrease inflammatory response).

Question 20

What cytokine is secreted by NK Cells?

Answer 20

IFN-Y (secreted in response to antigen; stimulates phagocytosis of macrophages)