Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is inflammation?

A

An innate response to damage -real or perceived

Formation of inflammatory exudate

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2
Q

What is inflammatory exudate?

A

Fluid that filters from the circulatory system into lesions or areas of inflammation

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of inflammation?

A
  • Rubor (redness)
  • Calor (heat)
  • Tumour (swelling)
  • Dolor (pain)
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4
Q

Function of megakaryocytes

A

Break up to form small platelets - important in blood clotting

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5
Q

Function of monocytes

A

Migrate to tissue –> differentiate into macrophages - phagoytosis and antigen presentation

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6
Q

Function of basophils (least common WBC)

A

Release histamines and prostaglandins –> dilation and increased capillary permeability

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7
Q

Function of mast cells

A

Key role in allergy and anaphalaxis

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8
Q

Function of eosinophils

A

Key role in anti-parasite response. Present antigens to the adaptive immune system. Generate cytokines and kill cancer cells

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9
Q

Function of neutrophils (50-60% of circulating WBCs)

A

Rapidly leave circulation to site of damage and die to form puss. Phagocytosis, release antimicrobials. Release cytokinins that recruit macrophages

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10
Q

Key cells and structures in inflammation

A

Blood cells (WBCs), blood vessels and chemical mediators

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11
Q

Acute Inflammation

A
  • short duration

- involves neutrophils

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12
Q

Chronic inflammation

A
  • longer duration

- lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages

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13
Q

What effect does an increased diameter and permeability and blood vessel have on inflammation?

A

Increases fluid influx so more swelling in tissues

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14
Q

What effect does a decrease in blood velocity have on inflammation?

A

Promotes margination and diapdesis

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15
Q

What is margination?

A

Cells move to outside of vessel

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16
Q

What is diapedesis?

A

The passage of blood cells through the walls of the capillary

17
Q

Which white blood cell is involved in acute inflammation?

A

Neutrophils

18
Q

How is margination and diapedesis promoted?

A

Decrease in blood velocity