Inflammation Flashcards
What is frustrated phagocytosis?
attempts to phagocytose something that is too large
Where is squamous epi found?
skin and esophagus
How does a post-MI heart look 7-10 days after the attack?
maximally yellow-tan and soft; with depressed red-tan margins
What cause edema/tumor in acute injury?
outward flow of ions and water
What helps the leukocyte stick to the endothelium and diapedes?
integrins and intracellular adhesion molecules
What occurs during complete resolution?
macrophages clean up necrotic debris; tissue regenerates; lymphatic drainage clears edema
What perforates holes in the microbial membrane?
defensin
What happens to the surrounding interstitial tissue in acute inflammation?
increasing in osmotic pressure- more water follows- swelling occurs
What happens when the body can’t overcome the infection and has to wall it off?
an abscess forms; chronic inflammation
How does a post-MI heart look 4-12 hours after the attack?
occasional dark mottling
What are Kupffer cells?
macs in the liver
What is exudate?
protein rich content and cells; >1.02 g/mL; low glucose
How does the leukocyte neutralize the bacteria?
phagocytosis, uses degranulation of lysosomal enzymes and defensins
What is Chediak-Higashi Syndrome?
a defect in chemotaxis and lysosomal degranulation into phagosomes
How does a post-MI heart look during the first 4 hours after the attack?
no change
What are happens to the vasculature in acute inflammation?
transient vasoconstriction, then vasodilation; increased hydrostatic pressure in vessel wall
What kinds of cells are the infrastructure cells?
1) fibroblasts 2) endothelial cells
What cause leukocytes to roll and adhere to the vasculature first?
selectins
Which cell has a bi-lobed nucleus but also has pink-staining granules?
eosinophils
How does a leukocyte find the bacterial infection?
chemotaxis
How do leukocytes move?
by extending pseudopods
Why do the exudate and transudate exit the area in acute inflammation?
to decrease the pressure on the expanding vessel
What is the basement membrane composed of?
collagen
What are the 3 major things that happen in acute inflammation?
1) vasodilation 2) plasma proteins leave microvasculature 3) emigration of leukocyte
How does a post-MI heart look 3-7 days after the attack?
hyperemic border; central yellow-tan softening
What is folliculitis?
inflammation of a hair follicule
How does a post-MI heart look greater than 2 months after the attack?
scarring is complete
Where is columnar epi found?
GI tract
How does a post-MI heart look 2-8 weeks after the attack?
gray-white scar, progressive from border to core of infarct
What is transudate?
the ultrafiltrate of plasma; < 1.02 g/mL; higher glucose
Name the 5 cardinal signs of injury.
1) calor 2) dolor 3) rubor 4) tumor 5) functio laesa
What fuses to ingest and digest a bacteria?
the phagosome and the lysosome- phagolysosome
What cardinal signs result from vasodilation?
heat and redness
Where are the gut, respiratory tract, and urinary tract derived from?
the endoderm
What is a granuloma?
several giant cells fused together
What do defensins do?
perforate holes in the microbial membrane
What are infrastructure cells?
cells that respond to and provide support to injury
What is purulence?
pus
What are mast cells?
histamine-producing cells
What are giant cells?
many individual macs that fused together
What does chronic inflammation mean?
lasting days or longer
How does a leukocyte bypass the basement membrane?
it secretes collagenase
Where is the skin derived from?
the ectoderm
How does a post-MI heart look 12-24 hours after the attack?
dark mottling
What kinds of WBCs can phagocytose?
1) neutrophils/PMNs 2) macs
What does acute inflammation mean?
lasting minutes-hours
How does the leukocyte recognize the bacteria?
the bacteria is coated in opsonins
What kinds of cells are barriers to the outside world?
epithelia
What are sentinel cells?
cells already within the tissues ready to act
How does a post-MI heart look 1-3 days after the attack?
mottling with yellow-white center
Why do endothelial cells retract?
to allow emigration of leukocytes
What color do the basophil granules stain?
dark blue/purple
What causes strep throat?
Strep. pyogenes
How does a post-MI heart look 10-14 days after the attack?
red-gray depressed infarct borders
What is the 2nd best outcome of acute inflammation?
scarring
What is the best outcome of acute inflammation?
compete resolution
