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LU4 HS 202 E1 > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Enumerate chemotactic agents

A 
Leukotriene B4
IL-8
C5a
Platelet Activating Factor
Bacterial Derived N-Formyl peptides
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2
Q

Give the 2 major opsonins

A

Fc fragment of IgG

C3b

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3
Q

Non-opsonic phagocytosis involves ____ wich recognizes ____

A

CR3, C3bi

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4
Q

Give (5) Lysosome enzymes

A 
Bacterial Permeability Protein
Lysozyme
Defensins
Lactoferrin
Major Basic Protein
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5
Q

(3) Leukocyte secretions during chemotaxis and phagocytosis

A

Lysosomal enzymes
Oxygen-derived active metabolites
Arachidonic acid metabolism products

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6
Q

Enumerate vasoactive amines mediating inflammation

A

Histamine

Serotonin

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7
Q

Richest source of histamine

A

Mast cells

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8
Q

Principal chemical mediator producing interendothelial gaps in venules

A

Histamine

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9
Q

Where is serotonin produced?

A

Platelets and enterochromaffin cells of the GI tract

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10
Q

What forms the MAC?

A

C5b,C6,C7,C8,C9

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11
Q

What are the effects of kinin activation?

A

bradykinin release

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12
Q

What are the effects of bradykinin release?

A

Increase vascular permeability
Vasodilation
Contraction of smooth muscle

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13
Q

What produces platelet activating factor?

A

Mast cells

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14
Q

What are the effects of PAF?

A

vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, platelet activation

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15
Q

What are the main cytokines? and what cells produce them?

A

TNF. IL-1; macrophage

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16
Q

What are the local vascular endothelium effects of TNF and IL-1?

A

Increase expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules
Production of IL-1
Coagulation

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17
Q

What are the local effects of TNF and IL-1 on leukocytes?

A

activation, production of cytokines

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18
Q

What are the local effects of TNF and IL-1 on fibroblasts?

A

Proliferation, increase collagen synthesis

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19
Q

What are the major types of chemokines?

A

C
CC
CXC
CX3C

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20
Q

Systemic effects of TNF and IL-1 include

A 
fever
leukocytosis
increase of acute phase proteins
decrease appetite
increase sleep
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21
Q

T/F Chronic inflammation can be caused by autoimmunity

A

T

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22
Q

[Identify]
Induced by parasites or allergic reaction;
Mediated by IgE
Involvement of Major Basic Protein

A

Eosinophilic Response

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23
Q

[Identify] Differentiated plasma cells that produce antibodies

A

B Cells

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24
Q

What facilitates macrophage activation leading to epithelioid, multinucleate giant cell formation in granulomatous response?

A

IFNgamma, IL-4

25
foreign body granuloma is a.k.a
non-hypersensitivity type granuloma
26
immune granuloma is a.k.a
hypersensitivity type granuloma
27
The ff conditions produce an immune granuloma due to impairment of T-cell mediated immunity EXCEPT a. miliary TB b. lepromatous leprosy c. HIV d. Sarcoidosis
D; Sarcoidosis produce granuloma because there are no identifiable antigens
28
Which of the following granulomatous conditions can a central abcess be observed a. TB b. Parasite infection c. Cat-scratch bulla
C; TB- central caseation; parasites - eosinophilia
29
What are the effects of defective inflammation?
Delayed wound healing Increased susceptibility to infections Tissue damage
30
How much change in temperature should be observed to say that one has fever?
1-4 degC inc
31
What are the chemical mediators cause fever?
TNF, IL-1 and IL-6; indirectly by PGE2 synthesis
32
What chemicals mediate leukocytosis?
TNF, IL-1
33
[Infection:Response] Bacteria:_________ Viral:_________ Parasitic/allergic:_______
Neutrophilia Lymphocytosis Eosinophilia
34
Enumerate (3) Acute phase proteins
C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, Serum amyloid A
35
[Protein:Synthesized by] CRP:________ Fibrinogen:__________ SAA:__________
IL-6 IL-6 IL-1 or TNF
36
T/F albumin and transthyretin promote acute phase inflammation
F; they are negative acute phase proteins
37
[Identify] | Mitogenic Growth Factor
Epidermal growth factor
38
[Identify] migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, monocytes; proinflammatory properties
Platelet Derived Growth Factor
39
[Identify] Growth factor for angiogenesis, wound repair, development (skeletal muscle, lung maturation, hematopoiesis)
Fibroblast growth factor
40
[Identify] growth inhibitor to most epithelial types, stimulates chemotaxis and production of collagen and fibrinectin cells, inhibit collaged degradation; fibrogenesis
Transforming Growth Factor B
41
[Identify] vascular permeability factor, promote blood vessel formation in early development (vasculogenesis
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
42
[Identify] growth factor for mediation of inflammation and immune response
Cytokines
43
what is the hallmark of healing?
Granulation tissue
44
Can mediate all steps in angiogenesis a. IL-1, TNF b. TGFB c. FGF d. VEGF e. VPF
D
45
Cause both angiogenesis and increased vascular permeability a. IL-1, TNF b. TGFB c. FGF d. VEGF e. VPF
D or E
46
The following impair wound healing EXCEPT a. Glucocorticoid therapy b. Denervation c. Radiation exposure d. Vitamin C
D
47
How does glucocorticoid therapy impair wound healing?
Steroids inhibit TGFB, decreasing fibrosis
48
Enumerate vasoactive mediators
``` Histamine Serotonin Bradykinin Anaphylatoxins Leukotrienes Prostaglandins PAF NO ```
49
Enumerate Chemotactic factors
C5a Lipooxygenase products; LTB4 Formylated Peptides Chemokines
50
PMNS, Platelets, Mast cells a. Acute inflammation b. Chronic inflammation
A
51
Products of COX1
Thromboxane, Prostaglandin
52
Products of COX2
Prostaglandin
53
What is the function of thromboxane?
Vasoconstrictor, platelet aggregator
54
[Function] | Histamine, prostaglandins
Vasodilation
55
``` [Function] Histamine and serotonin C3a and C5a (by liberating vasoactive amines from mast cells) Leukotrienes C4, D4, E4 ```
Increased vascular permeability
56
``` [Function] TNF and IL-1 Chemokines C3a, C5a Leukotriene B4 ```
Chemotaxis, leukocyte recruitment and | activation
57
[Function] IL-1 and TNF Prostaglandins
Fever
58
[Function] Prostaglandins Bradykinin
Pain
59
[Function] Lysosomal enzymes of leukocytes Reactive oxygen species
Tissue Damage

LU4 HS 202 E1 (6 decks)

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