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LU4 HS 202 E1 > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Enumerate chemotactic agents

A 
Leukotriene B4
IL-8
C5a
Platelet Activating Factor
Bacterial Derived N-Formyl peptides
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2
Q

Give the 2 major opsonins

A

Fc fragment of IgG

C3b

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3
Q

Non-opsonic phagocytosis involves ____ wich recognizes ____

A

CR3, C3bi

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4
Q

Give (5) Lysosome enzymes

A 
Bacterial Permeability Protein
Lysozyme
Defensins
Lactoferrin
Major Basic Protein
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5
Q

(3) Leukocyte secretions during chemotaxis and phagocytosis

A

Lysosomal enzymes
Oxygen-derived active metabolites
Arachidonic acid metabolism products

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6
Q

Enumerate vasoactive amines mediating inflammation

A

Histamine

Serotonin

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7
Q

Richest source of histamine

A

Mast cells

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8
Q

Principal chemical mediator producing interendothelial gaps in venules

A

Histamine

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9
Q

Where is serotonin produced?

A

Platelets and enterochromaffin cells of the GI tract

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10
Q

What forms the MAC?

A

C5b,C6,C7,C8,C9

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11
Q

What are the effects of kinin activation?

A

bradykinin release

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12
Q

What are the effects of bradykinin release?

A

Increase vascular permeability
Vasodilation
Contraction of smooth muscle

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13
Q

What produces platelet activating factor?

A

Mast cells

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14
Q

What are the effects of PAF?

A

vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, platelet activation

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15
Q

What are the main cytokines? and what cells produce them?

A

TNF. IL-1; macrophage

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16
Q

What are the local vascular endothelium effects of TNF and IL-1?

A

Increase expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules
Production of IL-1
Coagulation

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17
Q

What are the local effects of TNF and IL-1 on leukocytes?

A

activation, production of cytokines

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18
Q

What are the local effects of TNF and IL-1 on fibroblasts?

A

Proliferation, increase collagen synthesis

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19
Q

What are the major types of chemokines?

A

C
CC
CXC
CX3C

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20
Q

Systemic effects of TNF and IL-1 include

A 
fever
leukocytosis
increase of acute phase proteins
decrease appetite
increase sleep
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21
Q

T/F Chronic inflammation can be caused by autoimmunity

A

T

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22
Q

[Identify]
Induced by parasites or allergic reaction;
Mediated by IgE
Involvement of Major Basic Protein

A

Eosinophilic Response

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23
Q

[Identify] Differentiated plasma cells that produce antibodies

A

B Cells

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24
Q

What facilitates macrophage activation leading to epithelioid, multinucleate giant cell formation in granulomatous response?

A

IFNgamma, IL-4

25
Q

foreign body granuloma is a.k.a

A

non-hypersensitivity type granuloma

26
Q

immune granuloma is a.k.a

A

hypersensitivity type granuloma

27
Q

The ff conditions produce an immune granuloma due to impairment of T-cell mediated immunity EXCEPT

a. miliary TB
b. lepromatous leprosy
c. HIV
d. Sarcoidosis

A

D; Sarcoidosis produce granuloma because there are no identifiable antigens

28
Q

Which of the following granulomatous conditions can a central abcess be observed

a. TB
b. Parasite infection
c. Cat-scratch bulla

A

C; TB- central caseation; parasites - eosinophilia

29
Q

What are the effects of defective inflammation?

A

Delayed wound healing
Increased susceptibility to infections
Tissue damage

30
Q

How much change in temperature should be observed to say that one has fever?

A

1-4 degC inc

31
Q

What are the chemical mediators cause fever?

A

TNF, IL-1 and IL-6; indirectly by PGE2 synthesis

32
Q

What chemicals mediate leukocytosis?

A

TNF, IL-1

33
Q

[Infection:Response]
Bacteria:_________
Viral:_________
Parasitic/allergic:_______

A

Neutrophilia
Lymphocytosis
Eosinophilia

34
Q

Enumerate (3) Acute phase proteins

A

C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, Serum amyloid A

35
Q

[Protein:Synthesized by]
CRP:________
Fibrinogen:__________
SAA:__________

A

IL-6
IL-6
IL-1 or TNF

36
Q

T/F albumin and transthyretin promote acute phase inflammation

A

F; they are negative acute phase proteins

37
Q

[Identify]

Mitogenic Growth Factor

A

Epidermal growth factor

38
Q

[Identify]
migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, smooth muscle
cells, monocytes; proinflammatory properties

A

Platelet Derived Growth Factor

39
Q

[Identify] Growth factor for angiogenesis,
wound repair, development (skeletal muscle,
lung maturation, hematopoiesis)

A

Fibroblast growth factor

40
Q

[Identify] growth inhibitor to most epithelial types, stimulates chemotaxis and production of collagen and
fibrinectin cells, inhibit collaged degradation;
fibrogenesis

A

Transforming Growth Factor B

41
Q

[Identify] vascular permeability factor, promote blood vessel formation in early development (vasculogenesis

A

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

42
Q

[Identify] growth factor for mediation of inflammation and immune response

A

Cytokines

43
Q

what is the hallmark of healing?

A

Granulation tissue

44
Q

Can mediate all steps in angiogenesis

a. IL-1, TNF
b. TGFB
c. FGF
d. VEGF
e. VPF

A

D

45
Q

Cause both angiogenesis and increased vascular permeability

a. IL-1, TNF
b. TGFB
c. FGF
d. VEGF
e. VPF

A

D or E

46
Q

The following impair wound healing EXCEPT

a. Glucocorticoid therapy
b. Denervation
c. Radiation exposure
d. Vitamin C

A

D

47
Q

How does glucocorticoid therapy impair wound healing?

A

Steroids inhibit TGFB, decreasing fibrosis

48
Q

Enumerate vasoactive mediators

A 
Histamine
Serotonin
Bradykinin
Anaphylatoxins
Leukotrienes
Prostaglandins
PAF
NO
49
Q

Enumerate Chemotactic factors

A

C5a
Lipooxygenase products; LTB4
Formylated Peptides
Chemokines

50
Q

PMNS, Platelets, Mast cells

a. Acute inflammation
b. Chronic inflammation

A

A

51
Q

Products of COX1

A

Thromboxane, Prostaglandin

52
Q

Products of COX2

A

Prostaglandin

53
Q

What is the function of thromboxane?

A

Vasoconstrictor, platelet aggregator

54
Q

[Function]

Histamine, prostaglandins

A

Vasodilation

55
Q 
[Function]
Histamine and serotonin
C3a and C5a (by liberating vasoactive 
amines from mast cells)
Leukotrienes C4, D4, E4
A

Increased vascular permeability

56
Q 
[Function]
TNF and IL-1
Chemokines
C3a, C5a
Leukotriene B4
A

Chemotaxis, leukocyte recruitment and

activation

57
Q

[Function]
IL-1 and TNF
Prostaglandins

A

Fever

58
Q

[Function]
Prostaglandins
Bradykinin

A

Pain

59
Q

[Function]
Lysosomal enzymes of leukocytes
Reactive oxygen species

A

Tissue Damage

LU4 HS 202 E1 (6 decks)

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