Inflammation Flashcards
Enumerate chemotactic agents
Leukotriene B4 IL-8 C5a Platelet Activating Factor Bacterial Derived N-Formyl peptides
Give the 2 major opsonins
Fc fragment of IgG
C3b
Non-opsonic phagocytosis involves ____ wich recognizes ____
CR3, C3bi
Give (5) Lysosome enzymes
Bacterial Permeability Protein Lysozyme Defensins Lactoferrin Major Basic Protein
(3) Leukocyte secretions during chemotaxis and phagocytosis
Lysosomal enzymes
Oxygen-derived active metabolites
Arachidonic acid metabolism products
Enumerate vasoactive amines mediating inflammation
Histamine
Serotonin
Richest source of histamine
Mast cells
Principal chemical mediator producing interendothelial gaps in venules
Histamine
Where is serotonin produced?
Platelets and enterochromaffin cells of the GI tract
What forms the MAC?
C5b,C6,C7,C8,C9
What are the effects of kinin activation?
bradykinin release
What are the effects of bradykinin release?
Increase vascular permeability
Vasodilation
Contraction of smooth muscle
What produces platelet activating factor?
Mast cells
What are the effects of PAF?
vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, platelet activation
What are the main cytokines? and what cells produce them?
TNF. IL-1; macrophage
What are the local vascular endothelium effects of TNF and IL-1?
Increase expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules
Production of IL-1
Coagulation
What are the local effects of TNF and IL-1 on leukocytes?
activation, production of cytokines
What are the local effects of TNF and IL-1 on fibroblasts?
Proliferation, increase collagen synthesis
What are the major types of chemokines?
C
CC
CXC
CX3C
Systemic effects of TNF and IL-1 include
fever leukocytosis increase of acute phase proteins decrease appetite increase sleep
T/F Chronic inflammation can be caused by autoimmunity
T
[Identify]
Induced by parasites or allergic reaction;
Mediated by IgE
Involvement of Major Basic Protein
Eosinophilic Response
[Identify] Differentiated plasma cells that produce antibodies
B Cells
What facilitates macrophage activation leading to epithelioid, multinucleate giant cell formation in granulomatous response?
IFNgamma, IL-4
foreign body granuloma is a.k.a
non-hypersensitivity type granuloma
immune granuloma is a.k.a
hypersensitivity type granuloma
The ff conditions produce an immune granuloma due to impairment of T-cell mediated immunity EXCEPT
a. miliary TB
b. lepromatous leprosy
c. HIV
d. Sarcoidosis
D; Sarcoidosis produce granuloma because there are no identifiable antigens
Which of the following granulomatous conditions can a central abcess be observed
a. TB
b. Parasite infection
c. Cat-scratch bulla
C; TB- central caseation; parasites - eosinophilia
What are the effects of defective inflammation?
Delayed wound healing
Increased susceptibility to infections
Tissue damage
How much change in temperature should be observed to say that one has fever?
1-4 degC inc
What are the chemical mediators cause fever?
TNF, IL-1 and IL-6; indirectly by PGE2 synthesis
What chemicals mediate leukocytosis?
TNF, IL-1
[Infection:Response]
Bacteria:_________
Viral:_________
Parasitic/allergic:_______
Neutrophilia
Lymphocytosis
Eosinophilia
Enumerate (3) Acute phase proteins
C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, Serum amyloid A
[Protein:Synthesized by]
CRP:________
Fibrinogen:__________
SAA:__________
IL-6
IL-6
IL-1 or TNF
T/F albumin and transthyretin promote acute phase inflammation
F; they are negative acute phase proteins
[Identify]
Mitogenic Growth Factor
Epidermal growth factor
[Identify]
migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, smooth muscle
cells, monocytes; proinflammatory properties
Platelet Derived Growth Factor
[Identify] Growth factor for angiogenesis,
wound repair, development (skeletal muscle,
lung maturation, hematopoiesis)
Fibroblast growth factor
[Identify] growth inhibitor to most epithelial types, stimulates chemotaxis and production of collagen and
fibrinectin cells, inhibit collaged degradation;
fibrogenesis
Transforming Growth Factor B
[Identify] vascular permeability factor, promote blood vessel formation in early development (vasculogenesis
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
[Identify] growth factor for mediation of inflammation and immune response
Cytokines
what is the hallmark of healing?
Granulation tissue
Can mediate all steps in angiogenesis
a. IL-1, TNF
b. TGFB
c. FGF
d. VEGF
e. VPF
D
Cause both angiogenesis and increased vascular permeability
a. IL-1, TNF
b. TGFB
c. FGF
d. VEGF
e. VPF
D or E
The following impair wound healing EXCEPT
a. Glucocorticoid therapy
b. Denervation
c. Radiation exposure
d. Vitamin C
D
How does glucocorticoid therapy impair wound healing?
Steroids inhibit TGFB, decreasing fibrosis
Enumerate vasoactive mediators
Histamine Serotonin Bradykinin Anaphylatoxins Leukotrienes Prostaglandins PAF NO
Enumerate Chemotactic factors
C5a
Lipooxygenase products; LTB4
Formylated Peptides
Chemokines
PMNS, Platelets, Mast cells
a. Acute inflammation
b. Chronic inflammation
A
Products of COX1
Thromboxane, Prostaglandin
Products of COX2
Prostaglandin
What is the function of thromboxane?
Vasoconstrictor, platelet aggregator
[Function]
Histamine, prostaglandins
Vasodilation
[Function] Histamine and serotonin C3a and C5a (by liberating vasoactive amines from mast cells) Leukotrienes C4, D4, E4
Increased vascular permeability
[Function] TNF and IL-1 Chemokines C3a, C5a Leukotriene B4
Chemotaxis, leukocyte recruitment and
activation
[Function]
IL-1 and TNF
Prostaglandins
Fever
[Function]
Prostaglandins
Bradykinin
Pain
[Function]
Lysosomal enzymes of leukocytes
Reactive oxygen species
Tissue Damage