Inflammation #2

Question 1

Early inflammatory mediators?

Answer 1

Histamine, Plasma Proteins, Eicosanoids

Question 2

late inflammatory mediators?

Answer 2

Cytokines, Growth Factors

Question 3

Three (broad) ways in which inflammation can be inhibited?

Answer 3

Blocking mediator synthesis
Block mediator receptor
Anti-mediator block antibodies

Question 4

How can mast cells release so quickly?

Answer 4

They’re full of pre-formed histamine

Question 5

Types of serum proteins involved in inflamm response

Answer 5

Complement proteins
Coagulation proteins
Kinins (pain)

Question 6

Why is only low-dose aspirin useful?

Answer 6

Inhibits only thromboxane without inhibiting prostacyc.

Question 7

Two important Arachadonic acid metabolites of inflammation

Answer 7

Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes

Question 8

What do the AA metabolites to (in general)

Answer 8

Help maintain inflammatory state over hours-days

Question 9

Where is AA found?

How is it released?

Answer 9

Cell membranes

Cleavage by phospholipases

Question 10

AA is located in the ____ position in phosopholipids

Answer 10

2nd

Question 11

Two ways that AA clevage can go down?

Answer 11

1. Clevage by PLA2

2. Clevage by PLC, DAG lipase

Question 12

Cells with what enzyme make prostaglandins? Which cell types?

Answer 12

Cyclo-oxygenase

Mac (PGE/F), Platelets (Thromboxane), Endothelials (Prostacyclin)

Question 13

Cells with what enzymes make leukotrienes? Which cell types?

Answer 13

Lipoxygenase
Neutro (LTB4)
Mast Cells (LTC, D, E)

Question 14

LTC, LTD, and LTE are also called

Answer 14

Slow Reacting Substrate of Anaphylaxis (SRSA)

Question 15

What happens with SRSAs hit the circulation?

Answer 15

Anaphylactic Shock

Question 16

Asprin/NSAIDs inhibit…

Answer 16

Cyclo-oxygenase

Question 17

Prostagandins made by macros?

Answer 17

PGD and PGE/F

Question 18

Who makes LTB4? What does it do?

Answer 18

Neutrophils to recruit more neutrophils

Question 19

Why might a person use a leukotriene inhibitor? Why might this be a problem?

Answer 19

To treat asthma/allergies

Increased infection from LTB4/neutrophil block

Question 20

Inflammatory cytokines may serve as _____ or ____

Answer 20

Chemokines

GFs

Question 21

Which one is T cell growth factor?

Answer 21

IL2

Question 22

Macrophage inflammatory cytokines?

Answer 22

IL-1
TNF-a
IL-6

Question 23

Systemic effects of inflammation?

Answer 23

Fever, APP synthesis, Inc. in WBCs

Question 24

Two listed types of Acute Phase Proteins?

Answer 24

C-reactive

Mannose-binding lectin

Question 25

What does C-reactive protein do?

Answer 25

Binds to cell surfaces and results in increased complement binding

Question 26

What does mannose-bindin lectin do?

Answer 26

Activates alternate completment pathway

Question 27

Chemokines share two ________ ________.

Answer 27

Conserved Cysteines | CC or CXC chemokines

Question 28

Who is the protoptype CXC Chemokine? What does it do?

Answer 28

IL-8 From Mac, Endo Usef in neutrophil chemotaxis

Question 29

What do RANTES and MIP-1 cause?

Answer 29

Eosinophil chemotaxis

Question 30

What does MCP-1 do?

Answer 30

Monocyte chemotaxis | Mast cell release

Question 31

Well known inflammatory growth factors.

Answer 31

Colony Stimulating Factors FGF VEGF

Question 32

Adhesion molecules are activated in inflammation by

Answer 32

LTB4, C5A, HIS -- P-sel IL1, TNF -- E Sel IL-8 -- Neu

Question 33

Signalling pathway used by Toll-Like Receptors?

Answer 33

NFkB signaling

Question 34

Systemic activation of inflammation can occur in a

Answer 34

cytokine storm

Question 35

What is Septic Shock

Answer 35

Systemic inflammatory rxn from bacteremia with an organism expressing LPS or LOS

Question 36

What is Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome?

Answer 36

Overproduction of Inflamm. cytokines and mediators

Question 37

Important role of IL-4

Answer 37

IgE, Mast Cell, and EOSINOPHIL activation

Question 38

Important role of IL-5

Answer 38

IgA and promoter or EOSINOPHILS

Question 39

What does IFN-g do?

Answer 39

``` Activate Macro Induce MHC I/II Granuloma Fomration Enhances Adherance Inhib TH2 ```

Question 40

What causes granulomas?

Answer 40

Specific immune response to persistent infection of macrophages. CD4 mediated

Question 41

Defining cell of a granuloma?

Answer 41

Epithelioid Cell -- Flattened plump macrophages