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immunology > Inflammation #1 > Flashcards

Inflammation #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of inflammation?

A

increase local bloodflow and vascular permeability

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2
Q

Key Features of response to reestablish homeostasis?

A

Inflammation
Neutralization of injurious agents
Adaptive Immune Initiation
Healing/Regen

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3
Q

Two bacteria mentioned that are almost always bested with innate?

A

Strep/Staph

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4
Q

What are sentinel cells?

What do they do?

A

Resident tissue macrophages, mast cells that use pattern recognition receptors/TLRs to trigger inflammatory response.

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5
Q

What does TLR4 bind?

A

Enterobacterial LPS

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6
Q

She was very explicit about inflammation not just being about micrbials. Its also about…

A

Necrosis

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7
Q

Inflamatory response occurs over…

A

Minutes to hours to days.

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8
Q

Definition of inflammation

A

A localized reaction of living, vascularized tissue to injury

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9
Q

Types of injury that might trigger inflam?

A

Infection
Trauma
Necrosis
Toxins

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10
Q

Chemical mediators act to promote _____ and ______

A

Flow and permeability

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11
Q

How do chemical mediators promote permeability?

A

Causing contraction of the vascular cell cytoskeleton to open spaces between cells.

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12
Q

Cellular and Vascular Resposne – Who has to come first?

A

Vascular

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13
Q

What do I mean by cellular response in inflammation?

A

Emigration of cells and delivery of blood components

They adhere and crawl

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14
Q

First mediator of inflammation?

A

Histamine

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15
Q

Why does your skin tend to turn red on super cold days?

A

Mast cells dislike cold.

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16
Q

Five Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

A 
Rubor - Redness
Tumor - Swelling
Calor - Heat
Dolor - Pain
Functio laesa -- Loss of Function
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17
Q

Typical signs of an infection are the result of…

A

Inflammatory Response

Not the infection itself

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18
Q

Describe the relationship of inflammatory mediators, endothelial cells, and migrating cells.

A

Resident cells produce infl. med.
Act on endo. cells causing vasodilation/permeability
Allow delivery of more effectors

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19
Q

What does Axial Flow refer to?

A

Most resistance is at the vessel wall

20
Q

What activates tissue mast cells?

A

Trauma, Cold, Complement, IgE

21
Q

What activates tissue macrophages?

A

Presence of pathogens/tissue injury

TLRS

22
Q

Mast cells are replaced by _______

A

basophils

23
Q

The less eloquent way she refers to mast cells

A

Bags of Histamine

there are also leukotrienes and chemotactic factors

24
Q

What do macrophages release to trigger endothelial cells?

A

IL-1, TNFa, IL6

25
Q

What do macrophages release to draw in Neutrophils?

A

IL-8 (CXCL8)

26
Q

Vascular dilation is caused by…

A

gaps in the endothelium from histamine activation

27
Q

What vessels are typically influenced in inflammation?

A

Post capillary venules

28
Q

Neutrophils arrive after ____ hours. Die after ______ hours.

A

12-24

24

29
Q

Name three types of migrating cells.

A

Neutrophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes

30
Q

Macrophages arrive after ____

A

24-72 Hours

31
Q

Lymphocytes arrive after _____

A

72 hours

32
Q

Neutrophils form ____ after their death

A

pus

33
Q

Why are macrophages more important for longer term inflam control?

A

Longer life than neutrophils

34
Q

Where are neutrophils from? What tends to happen to them after death?

A

Blood and BM Reserves

Engulfed and Degraded by macrophages

35
Q

Name for bacteria who elicit lots o’ pus

A

Pyogenic Bacteria

36
Q

For a neutrophil to emigrate, what 4 things have to have happened

A

Endothelial Cell Activation
Neutrophil Activation
Signalling by chemotactic mediators
Migration of neutrophils

37
Q

Two adhesion molecules necessary for neutrophil binding

A

Selectins bind cell surface carbs

Integrins bind Ig-like molecules

38
Q

Neutrophil Sialyl Lewis X binds…

A

P and E Selectin

39
Q

Neutrophil L Selectin binds…

A

Vascular Ahhressin

40
Q

Neutrophil LFA-1 binds…

A

ICAM-1

41
Q

Neutrophil weak adhesion is mediated by…

firm adhesion by…

A

Selectins

Integrins

42
Q

Chemokine important for tight binding of neutrophils?

A

IL-8

43
Q

How do PMNs migrate around inside a cell?

A

Binding fibronectin and matrix components

44
Q

List three triggers of neu. chemotaxis

A

Bacterial Products
IL-8
Leukotriene B4

45
Q

Two types of phagocytosis killing?

A 
Oxygen independent (digestive enzymes)
Oxygen Dependent (Oxygen free radicals)
46
Q

Acid she pointed out as super dangerous from NADPH-dependent oxidases

A

Hyperchlorous acid

47
Q

Defective NADPH oxidase in…

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

immunology (10 decks)

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