Inflammation #1 Flashcards
Purpose of inflammation?
increase local bloodflow and vascular permeability
Key Features of response to reestablish homeostasis?
Inflammation
Neutralization of injurious agents
Adaptive Immune Initiation
Healing/Regen
Two bacteria mentioned that are almost always bested with innate?
Strep/Staph
What are sentinel cells?
What do they do?
Resident tissue macrophages, mast cells that use pattern recognition receptors/TLRs to trigger inflammatory response.
What does TLR4 bind?
Enterobacterial LPS
She was very explicit about inflammation not just being about micrbials. Its also about…
Necrosis
Inflamatory response occurs over…
Minutes to hours to days.
Definition of inflammation
A localized reaction of living, vascularized tissue to injury
Types of injury that might trigger inflam?
Infection
Trauma
Necrosis
Toxins
Chemical mediators act to promote _____ and ______
Flow and permeability
How do chemical mediators promote permeability?
Causing contraction of the vascular cell cytoskeleton to open spaces between cells.
Cellular and Vascular Resposne – Who has to come first?
Vascular
What do I mean by cellular response in inflammation?
Emigration of cells and delivery of blood components
They adhere and crawl
First mediator of inflammation?
Histamine
Why does your skin tend to turn red on super cold days?
Mast cells dislike cold.
Five Cardinal Signs of Inflammation
Rubor - Redness Tumor - Swelling Calor - Heat Dolor - Pain Functio laesa -- Loss of Function
Typical signs of an infection are the result of…
Inflammatory Response
Not the infection itself
Describe the relationship of inflammatory mediators, endothelial cells, and migrating cells.
Resident cells produce infl. med.
Act on endo. cells causing vasodilation/permeability
Allow delivery of more effectors
What does Axial Flow refer to?
Most resistance is at the vessel wall
What activates tissue mast cells?
Trauma, Cold, Complement, IgE
What activates tissue macrophages?
Presence of pathogens/tissue injury
TLRS
Mast cells are replaced by _______
basophils
The less eloquent way she refers to mast cells
Bags of Histamine
there are also leukotrienes and chemotactic factors
What do macrophages release to trigger endothelial cells?
IL-1, TNFa, IL6
What do macrophages release to draw in Neutrophils?
IL-8 (CXCL8)
Vascular dilation is caused by…
gaps in the endothelium from histamine activation
What vessels are typically influenced in inflammation?
Post capillary venules
Neutrophils arrive after ____ hours. Die after ______ hours.
12-24
24
Name three types of migrating cells.
Neutrophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes
Macrophages arrive after ____
24-72 Hours
Lymphocytes arrive after _____
72 hours
Neutrophils form ____ after their death
pus
Why are macrophages more important for longer term inflam control?
Longer life than neutrophils
Where are neutrophils from? What tends to happen to them after death?
Blood and BM Reserves
Engulfed and Degraded by macrophages
Name for bacteria who elicit lots o’ pus
Pyogenic Bacteria
For a neutrophil to emigrate, what 4 things have to have happened
Endothelial Cell Activation
Neutrophil Activation
Signalling by chemotactic mediators
Migration of neutrophils
Two adhesion molecules necessary for neutrophil binding
Selectins bind cell surface carbs
Integrins bind Ig-like molecules
Neutrophil Sialyl Lewis X binds…
P and E Selectin
Neutrophil L Selectin binds…
Vascular Ahhressin
Neutrophil LFA-1 binds…
ICAM-1
Neutrophil weak adhesion is mediated by…
firm adhesion by…
Selectins
Integrins
Chemokine important for tight binding of neutrophils?
IL-8
How do PMNs migrate around inside a cell?
Binding fibronectin and matrix components
List three triggers of neu. chemotaxis
Bacterial Products
IL-8
Leukotriene B4
Two types of phagocytosis killing?
Oxygen independent (digestive enzymes) Oxygen Dependent (Oxygen free radicals)
Acid she pointed out as super dangerous from NADPH-dependent oxidases
Hyperchlorous acid
Defective NADPH oxidase in…
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
