Inflammation

Question 1

• Septa of lung regeneration? Liver? Heart? Kidney?
• Non neoplastic injury? (4)
• Collateral damage: Cells responsible? Substances responsible? Which leads to?
• Acute phase response: Goals? (3)
  1. ) Liver Role: Acute phase proteins? (4) Stimulated by? (3); Albumin? Transferrin?
  2. ) Brain Role: Hypothalamus does what?
  3. ) Bone Marrow Role?

Answer 1

• Can not regenerate; great regeneration; none; epithelia high but glomeruli low
• trauma, infection, inflammation, ischemia
• Neutrophils die releasing contents and mac; inflammatory mediators = reactive O2 species
• limit injury, increase inflammation, activate systems
• antiproteases, scavengers, C reactive protein, fibrinogen; IL1, TNF, IFN’s; Both decrease
• Fever anorexia
• Pt’s and WBC’s

Question 2

Inflammatory Cells:

1. ) Neutrophils: Chronic or Acute? Role? (3) Cytoplasmic contents? (3)
2. ) Monocyte/Mac: Phase? Function? (2) Cyto contents? (3)
3. ) Lymphocytes: Phase? Function?
4. ) Eosinophil: Phase? Role? (3) Cytoplasmic contents?
5. ) Mast Cell/Baso: Role? (2) Cyto contents? (2)
6. ) Platelets: Role? (3) Cytoplasmic contents? (2)

Answer 2

• Acute; inflamm response, damage bugs, phago; enzymes, reactive O2, plasminogen
• Chronic; phago, initiate repair; ecasanoids, cytokines, lysozymes
• Chronic, Adaptive response
• Chronic, parasites, T1 hyper., phago, granule enzymes
• Bind IgE, T1 Hyper; Histamine, serotonin
• Thrombosis, mesenchymal repair, regulate pereability; TXA2, seratonin

Question 3

Acute/Chronic Response:
- Vascular response?
- Inflammatory cells involved?
- Source of cells?
Transudate/Exudate:
- Transudate: Etiology? Transport through? Spec. gravity? protein [ ], glucose [ ], cells?
- Exudate: Etiology? Spec. gravity? protein [ ], glucose [ ], cells?

Answer 3

• Dilation, increased perm. vs. endolthelia activated
• PMN’s vs. macs/lymphs
• peripheral blood vs. sentinal (local)/peripheral blood
• Increased hydro pressure and decreased oncotic pressure; tight junctions; none for the rest
• Inflammation, increased, increased, decreased, yes (leukocytes)

Question 4

• Types of Inflammation:
  1.) Fibrinopurulent/supporative: Cells? Histological features? (3) Differential diagnosis? (2) This is called?
  2.) Granulomatous: Cells? Histological features (3)? Differential? (3) Walled off?
  3.) Eosinophillic: Cells? Histological features? Differential? (2)
  Inflamation appearance:
  1.) Fibrinopurulent/supporative: Location? Cells?
  2.) Abscess: Location? Cells?
  3.) Empyema: Location? Cells? (2)
  4.) Cellulitis: Location? (2)
  5.) Granuloma: Location? Cells? (3)

Answer 4

1. ) PMN’s; PMN’s fibrin, +/- hemmorhage; any insult, infectious; pus
2. ) Macs, mixed chronic cells, +/- necrosis, +/- foreign material; infectious, inflamm, foreign body; yes
3. ) Eisonophils, eisinophils, parasites, allergic rxn
4. ) Anywhere non confined; N’s
5. ) Within parachema confined space, N’s
6. ) Within a cavity; N’s early then macs/lymphos
7. ) Skin/fascia
8. ) within paranchyma; Macs, lymphs, plasma cells

Question 5

• Granulation tissue: What is it? Components? (3)
• Regeneration: What is it? 3 options and definitions?
• Acute injury can lead to?
• Persisitant injury can lead to?
• Scar:
  1. ) Normal: Initial? Remodel?
  2. ) 2 types of pathologic scars?
• Factors influencing repair: Systemic? (3) Local? (5)
• Components of repair: GF secretion? Neovascularization? Collagen deposition? Scar stuff? Re-epithelialization?

Answer 5

• Infrastructure (scar); fibroblasts, endothelial cells, inflammatory cells
• Suprastructure: 1.) Reepi = New epi from stem cells 2.) Regeneration: Such as liver 3.) No fix
• Regeneration, repair (scar), fibrosis
• Fibrosis
• Collagen 3; collagen 1
• Hypertrophic: Outside boundary and regresses; keloid: outside boundary and does not
• S: Nutrition, metabolic, vascular
• L: Infection, persistant insult, new trauma, foreign material, size/location
• Macs, Endothelial cells, Fibroblast, fibroblast, hepatocytes or epithelial

Question 6

1. ) Angiogenesis: Def? Cells? (3)
2. ) Granulation tissue: Def? Cells? (3)
3. ) Re-epitheliazation: Def? Cells? (2)
4. ) Regeneration: Def? Where does this occur? (2) Cells? (2)

Answer 6

• Form new blood vessels; Macs (GF’s), pericytes, bone marrow stem cells
• Infastrcuture; fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, endothelial cells
• Suprastructure; adjacent cells, stem cells
• Fully repaired with no scar; epi, liver; macrophages and stem cells

Question 7

Action of mediators:

1. ) Vasodilation? (5)
2. ) Increased permeability? (5)
3. ) Chemotaxis? (5)
4. ) Tissue damage/antimicrobial? (4)
5. ) Fever? (2)
6. ) Pain? (3)

Answer 7

• Histamine, eicosonoids, NO, Complement, Bradykinin
• Histamine, eicosonoids, Substance P, Complement, Bradykinin
• eicosonoids, NO, cytokines, complement, cytoplasmic granules
• Reactive oxygen, NO, Complement, Cyto gran
• eicosonoids, cytokines
• eicosonoids, Substance P, Bradykinin

Question 8

1. ) Vasoactive amines (His/Ser): Key actions? (4) Cells that release it? (2) Preformed?
2. ) PG’s: Key action? (4) Cells? Pre?
3. ) LT’s: Effect? (2) Cells? Pre?
4. ) TxA2: Effect? (2) Cells? Pre?
5. ) PAF: Effect? (4) Cells? Pre?
6. ) Reactive Oxygen: Effect? Cells? (3) Pre?
7. ) NO: Effect? (2) Cells? (2) Pre?
8. ) TNF: Effect? (2) Cells? (3) Pre?
9. ) IL: Effect? (2) Cells? (2) Pre?
10. ) IFN: Pre?
11. ) Chemokines: Effect? (1) Cells? (4) Pre?
12. ) Cyto granule: Effect? (2) Cells? (2) Pre?
13. ) Substance p: Effect? (2) Cells? (1) Pre?

Answer 8

1. ) Ana, smooth contr., inc. perm, chemo; mast, ppt.; P
2. ) VD, +/- pt. ag, fever/pain; all (mast most); S
3. ) Incr. perm, bronch con; all but ptts; S
4. ) ptt. agg, vaso con; ptts; s
5. ) vaso con, ptt ag, chemo, bron con; all but lympho; s
6. ) Tissue damage; Macs, Lymphs, PMN; S
7. ) vaso/broncho dilate, macs, endo, s
8. ) Chemo, fever; mast, mac, lymph, s
9. ) Chemo, fever; macs, endo, s
10. ) S
11. ) Chemotaxis; macs, mast, lymphs, endo, s
12. ) Chemo, damage; Macs, PMN; P
13. ) Pain, incr. vasc; nerve fibers, P

Question 9

• Liver Derived Mediators:
  1.) C3A, C5A: Effect? (4) Cells?
  2.) Bradykinin: Effect? (4) Cells?
  3.) Thrombin: Effect? Cells?
  4.) Plasmin: Effect? Cells?
  Factor 12: Activated by? (3) Goes to? This acts on what 2 cascades? These create? (3) Fibronogen + Thrombin? Pasminogen –> Plasmin? Plasmin then makes what cascade? To create what? What else acts on this?
  -Thrombin activated in what cascade?
• Fibrinolysis from what cascade?
• Kallikenein from what cascade?

Answer 9

• vasodil, stim. mast, chemo, tissue damage; liver
• incr. perm, vaso dil, pain, constrict bron; liver
• ptt agg; liver
• vaso dil; liver
• ptt’s, basement membrane, collagen; F12a; Clotting and kallekrien kinin cascade; Bradykinin, plasminogen; thrombin; Fibrin; to fibrin; Fibrinolytic cascade; C3/C5; Kinin cascade on C5
• Thrombin
• Plasmin
• Kallikrein