INFLAMMATION

Question 1

ADMA/SDMA (94153)

Answer 1

ADMA is a metabolite of L-arginine and can inhibit NO (nitric oxide) production. (Inflammatory marker)

Elevated ADMA levels are associated with IR, hypertension, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction.

ASYMMETRIC DIMETHYLARGININE

SYMMETRIC DIMETHYLARGININE - measures kidney dysfunction with low levels of egfr.

Question 2

F2 ISOPROSTANE/CREATININE (ratio) (92771)

Answer 2

“Gold standard” for measuring oxidative stress and has utility in people who have lifestyle risks due to bad diet, smoking, family history of CVD, or hyperlipidemia.

High levels associated with risk of atherosclerosis and certain cancers.

Question 3

FIBRINOGEN ANTIGEN (91743)

Answer 3

Fibrinogen is an acute phase reactant and thus elevated levels may be associated with inflammation.

Increased concentrations are also associated with higher risk of atherosclerosis.

Question 4

hs-CRP (91737)

Answer 4

High sensitivity CRP is useful in PREDICTING risk of CVD.

An acute phase protein released by the liver during inflammation.

Question 5

Lp-PLA2 ACTIVITY (94218)

Answer 5

Inflammatory marker (enzyme) that increases with the activation of macrophages in the atherosclerosis lesions of the artery wall.

Increased Lp-PLA2 activity is associated with a risk of coronary heart disease or CHD event.

Question 6

MYELOPEROXIDASE (MPO) (92814)

Answer 6

inflammatory enzyme released by white blood cells in response to plaque, erosion or fissures in the artery wall.

Elevated levels are associated with risk of cardiac events. Helps assist CV risk by itself or alongside testing with HS-CRP.

High levels of = Bad!

Question 7

OXIDIZED LDL (92769)

Answer 7

Oxidized LDL may be ordered for patients at low or intermediate risk of metabolic syndrome or CVD.

It’s formed when the ApoB protein on LDL particles becomes oxidized.