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Histopath > Infiltration And Embedding > Flashcards

Infiltration And Embedding Flashcards

1
Q

Removal of the clearing agent

A

Impregnation/ Infiltration

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2
Q

It fill all the open spaces by the infiltrating or impregnating medium

A

Impregnation/ infiltration

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3
Q

It gives the tissue a firmer consistency for better sectioning

A

Impregnation/ infiltration

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4
Q

Types of impregnating medium

A

Paraffin
Celloidin
Gelatin
Plastic

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5
Q

It is a solid hydrocarbons with several melting points

A

Paraffin wax

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6
Q

Simplest most common and best embedding medium used for routine tissue processing

A

Paraffin wax

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7
Q

Serial sections are cut easily without distortion, very rapid and many staining procedures are permitted

A

Paraffin wax

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8
Q

Methods of infiltration

A

Manual method
Automated method
Vacuum embedding

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9
Q

It needs four changes of paraffin wax at 15 minutes intervals.

A

Manual method

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10
Q

Temperature should be 2-5C higher than the melting point of wax

A

Manual method

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11
Q

It uses autotechnicon (elliot bench type)

A

Automated Method

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12
Q

2-3 changes of wax is needed with constant agitation, with 12 stations

A

Automated Method

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13
Q

Wax impregnation under negative atmospheric pressure inside an embedding oven

A

Vacuum embedding

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14
Q

It is the most rapid type

A

Vacuum embedding

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15
Q

Recommended for urgent biopsies such as lungs, bones, eyes, spleen and CNS tissues

A

Vacuum embedding

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16
Q

Average melting point of paraffin wax

A

56-58C

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17
Q

If lab temperature is at 20-24C

A

54-58C

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18
Q

If lab temperature is 15-18C

A

50-54C

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19
Q

Advantages of paraffin wax

A

Rapid
Compatible with most staining methods
Allows cutting of serial sections

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20
Q

Disadvantages of paraffin wax

A

Tissue brittleness
Prolonged fixation may cause shrinkage and hardening
Not for fatty tissues
Inadequate process may promote retention of clearing agent

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21
Q

Tissues that are difficult to infiltrate may require longer_________

A

Immersion time

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22
Q

Important components of the autotechnicon

A

Glass beakers
Transfer arms
Electrical clock
Cover plate
Spring loaded plunger

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23
Q

Example of automatic tissue processing machine

A

Elliot bench type processor

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24
Q

Controlled by electrical current moves the tissues from one processing reagent to another

A

Transfer arm

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25
Q

Serves to control the time needed for each processing step

A

Electrical clock

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26
Q

Factors affecting paraffin wax impregnation

A

Temperature of the oven
Nature and size of the tissue
Type of clearing agents to be removed

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27
Q

Substitutes for paraffin wax

A

Paraplast
Embeddol
Bioloid
Tissue mat
Ester wax
Carbowax and PEG

28
Q

Highly purified paraffin and synthetic plastic polymer

A

Paraplast

29
Q

Has a 56-57C melting point

A

Paraplast

30
Q

More uniform blocks, better ribbons

A

Paraplast

31
Q

Synthetic wax and has a 56-58C melting point

A

Embeddol

32
Q

Semi synthetic form of paraffin and recommended for eye specimen

A

Bioloid

33
Q

Rubberized paraffin and has a similar property with paraplast

A

Tissue mat

34
Q

Does not require clearing
Harder than paraffin wax

A

Ester wax

35
Q

46-48C melting point
Used in sliding or sledge type of microtome

A

Ester wax

36
Q

Water soluble waxes
Does not require dehydration and clearing

A

Carbowax and PEG

37
Q

Ideal for fats and lipids, enzyme and histochemical studies
Hygroscopic
Tissues are difficult to float out

A

Carbowax and PEG

38
Q

Type of impregnating medium that is highly volatile and a nitrocellulose dissolved in ether and alcohol

A

Celloidin/ collodion

39
Q

Type of impregnating medium that does not require heat and allows cutting of hard tissues without distortion

A

Celloidin/ collodion

40
Q

Type of impregnating medium that is slow, difficult to cut serial sections and pictomicrograph are difficult to obtain

A

Celloidin/ collodion

41
Q

Methods of celloidin impregnation of tissue

A

Wet celloidin
Dry celloidin
Nitrocellulose method

42
Q

Methods of celloidin that is recommended for bones, teeth, brains and whole organs

Dissolved in 70-80% alcohol

A

Wet celloidin

43
Q

Methods of celloidin that is recommended for whole eye section, dissolved in Gibson’s mixture

A

Dry celloidin

44
Q

Methods of celloidin that can be used in high concentrations and forms harder tissue block

A

Nitrocellulose method

45
Q

Method of celloidin that is explosive

A

Nitrocellulose method

46
Q

A type of impregnating medium that is used for histochemical and enzyme studies

A

Gelatin

47
Q

It is for delicate specimens and frozen section

A

Gelatin

48
Q

It does not require dehydration and clearing, volume should be 25x of the tissue volume

A

Gelatin

49
Q

It contains phenol to prevent molds

A

Gelatin

50
Q

It is also known as casting or blockin

A

Embedding

51
Q

It is a process where an impregnated tissue is placed into a precisely arranged position in a mold, containing an embedding medium and allowed solidify

A

Embedding

52
Q

Orientation for embedding

A

Placing the tissue in the center of embedding mold

53
Q

If you use paraffin for embedding:

A

Cool the paraffin in the mold at -5C

54
Q

Types of molds

A

Leuckhart’s Embedding mold
Compound embedding unit
Plastic embedding rings and base molds
Tissue tek
Disposable molds

55
Q

A 2 L shaped strips of heavy metal

A

Leuckhart’s embedding mold

56
Q

Examples of these are peel away, ice tray, and paper boat

A

Disposable molds

57
Q

Other embedding medium that is used for hard tissues and large sections of whole organ

A

Celloidin or nitrocellulose method

58
Q

Other embedding medium which infiltration with celloidin is needed and subsequently embedded with paraffin

A

Double embedding method

59
Q

Other embedding medium that is used for electron microscopy sections

A

Plastic emebedding

60
Q

Examples of plastic (resin) embedding

A

Epoxy- reduces antigenicity, toxic and damage tissue
Polyester
Acrylic

61
Q

Removal of excess wax to form a truncated pyramid

A

Trimming

62
Q

What length of wax should surround the tissue bock?

A

2mm

63
Q

A type of mold that has the advantage of embedding more specimens at a time, thereby reducing the time needed for blocking

A

Compound embedding unit

64
Q

A type of mold that serves as the block holder during cutting

A

Plastic embedding rings and base mold

65
Q

A type of mold that consists of a white plastic cassette mold with detachable hinge, it is used to hold the tissue specimen throughout fixation, dehydration, clearing and wax impregnation

A

Tissue tek

Histopath (8 decks)

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