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Histopath > Dehydration And Clearing > Flashcards

Dehydration And Clearing Flashcards

1
Q

Designed to remove all extractable water from the tissue, it also allows visualization microscopically

A

Dehydration

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2
Q

Removal of intercellular and extracellular water from the tissue and increasing concentration of alcohol

A

Dehydration

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3
Q

Routine starts with ______

A

70% ethyl alcohol

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4
Q

Embryonic tissues starts with ___________

A

30% ethyl alcohol or ethanol

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5
Q

Ratio of dehydrating agent and tissue

A

10:1

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6
Q

Qualities of an ideal dehydrating solution

A

Rapid acting
Should not evaporate fast
Non toxic
Not fire hazard

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7
Q

These are capable of evaporation or highly volatile due to readily combination with water

A

Dehydrating agent

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8
Q

A type of dehydrating agent that is both fixative and dehydrating

  • best, fastest, mixes with water and penetrates easily, not poisonous, cheap
A

Ethyl (ethanol)

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9
Q

A type of dehydrating agent that is toxic and used for blood films

A

Methyl (methanol)

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10
Q

A type of dehydrating agent that is slow and used for plant and animal microtechniques

A

Butyl (butanol)

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11
Q

Prolonged storage in 70% alcohol: ________

A

Macerates tissue

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12
Q

Directly placed in high grade alcohol:___________

A

Shrinkage and hardening

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13
Q

Other dehydrating agents that is readily available, cheap and rapid acting

  • can cause tissue shrinkage
A

Acetone

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14
Q

Other type of dehydrating agent that is excellent dehydrating and clearing agent, can cause less tissue shrinkage

  • ribbons poorly and expensive
A

Dioxane (diethyl dioxide)

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15
Q

Other type of dehydrating agent that is rarely used in terms of dehydration because it has more disadvantage that advantage

A

Cellosolve

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16
Q

It dehydrates rapidly, storage without producing hardening or distortion

A

Cellosolve

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17
Q

Other type of dehydrating agent that is used to dehydrate sections and smears following certain stains

A

Triethyl phosphate

18
Q

Other type of dehydrating agent that is non toxic and has offensive odor

A

Tetrahydrofuran

19
Q

4% phenol added to 95% ethanol

A

Softens hard tissues

20
Q

For hard tissues

A

Immerse in glycerol/alcohol mixture /molliflex

21
Q

A process in which we try to remove excess alcohol and water

22
Q

Removal of dehydrating solutions, making the tissue components receptive to the infiltrating medium

23
Q

Improve refractive index of the tissue

24
Q

It is the ability of the tissue to be closely monitored or seen if it is focused under hpo or lpo

A

Refractive index

25
Q

Clearing is also known as

A

Dealcoholization

26
Q

Characteristics of good clearing agents

A

Miscible with alcohol and paraffin/ mounting medium
Should not produce excessive tissue shrinkage
Should not evaporate quickly
Should make tissues transparent

27
Q

A type of clearing agent that is highly utilized, most common, colorless and most rapid

A

Xylene/ Xylol

28
Q

It is not for nervous system and lymph nodes

A

Xylene/ xylol

29
Q

Type of clearing agent that is not carcinogenic but will emit fumes that are toxic upon prolonged exposure

30
Q

Type of clearing agent that is no longer available commercially and rapid acting

31
Q

It may damage bone marrow resulting to aplastic anemia

32
Q

Type of clearing agent that causes dizziness it is used for tough tissues- decalcified, nervous, lymph nodes

Also used for embryos- minimum shrinkage and hardening

A

Chloroform

33
Q

It is toxic for liver, and does not make tissues transparent

A

Chloroform

34
Q

Type of clearing agent that is used for microscopy (oil objective) and it is very penetrating

A

Cedarwood oil

35
Q

Can be use for CNS, smooth muscle, skin and cytology, may also be used for paraffin and celloidin sections

A

Cedarwood oil

36
Q

Type of clearing agent that is use for clearing embryos, insects and delicate specimens

A

Aniline oil

37
Q

Type of clearing agent that causes minimum shrinkage of tissues, wax impregnation- slow to remove

38
Q

Type of clearing agent that is hepatotoxic which causes liver damage

A

Carbon tetrachloride

39
Q

Properties and disadvantages are like chloroform

A

Carbon tetrachloride

40
Q

Type of clearing agent that is slow acting and use for double embedding

A

Methyl benzoate/ salicylate

41
Q

Type of clearing agent that is both dehydrating and clearing agent, non toxic but with offensive odor

A

Tetrahydrofuran

42
Q

Agents that needs a special permission from PDEA

A

Xylene
Toluene
Benzene
Chloroform

Histopath (8 decks)

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