Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproduction and Sexual Health > Infertility and Assisted Conception > Flashcards

Infertility and Assisted Conception Flashcards

1
Q

What is ACT?

A

Any treatment which involves gametes outside the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What proportion of couples in the UK are said the be ‘infertile’?

A

1 in 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What proportion of the 1 in 6 infertile couples will need ACT?

A

1 in 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Outline reasons why the demand for ACT is rising.

A
  • Increasing parental age.
  • Increasing chlamydia.
  • Male factor infertility.
  • Increasing range of ACT.
  • Improved success rates.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List some indications for ACT.

A
  • Fertility preservation in cancer patients
  • To avoid transmission of BBV’s
  • Preimplantation diagnosis of inherited conditions
  • Single parents
  • Same sex couples
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Before treatment begins, what are the requirements on the basis of?

A
  • Alcohol
  • Smoking
  • Weight
  • Folic acid
  • Rubella
  • Cervical smears
  • Occupational factors
  • Drugs
  • BBV’s
  • Assess ovarian reserve
  • Counselling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 6 different treatment options available in terms of ACT?

A
  • Donor insemination
  • Intra-Uterine Insemination (IUI)
  • In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)
  • Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
  • Fertility Preservation
  • Surrogacy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When does LH surge happen?

A

36 hours before ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

State the different stages of IVF treatment.

A
  1. Down Regulation.
  2. Ovarian Stimulation.
    (+ collection of semen)
  3. Oocyte collection – theatre.
  4. Fertilisation.
  5. Embryology lab.
  6. Embryo Transfer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Outline some indications for IVF.

A
  • Unexplained infertility of >2years duration.
  • Pelvic disease i.e. endometriosis, tubal disease, fibroids.
  • Anovulatory infertility (after failed ovulation induction).
  • Male factor infertility, IF > 1X106 MOTILE SPERM!
  • Others (i.e. pre-implantation genetic diagnosis).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In the down regulation stage of IVF, what hormone is given? Why?

A

GRH

Reduces cancellation from ovulation, improving success rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does this down regulation allow precise timing of oocyte recovery?

A

By using a HCG trigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the side effects of down regulation (i.e increased GHR)

A

Hot flushes and mood swings.
Nasal irritation.
Headaches.

i.e menopausal side-effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does down regulation essentially do?

A

Puts someone into menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What hormone is given in ovarian stimulation?

A

Gonadotrophin hormone (GH)

Containing either synthetic or urinary gonadotrophins (FSH +/- LH).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is gonadotrophin hormone administered?

A

As a self-administered sc injection

17
Q

What does the SC injection of gonadotrophin hormone cause?

A

Follicular development.

18
Q

What will an USS after ovarian stimulation show?

A

Ovary containing lots of follicles

Thickened endometrium

19
Q

LH/FSH stimulates ________ development

A

FOLLICLE

20
Q

HCG mimics LH causing ___________ of meiosis

A

resumption

21
Q

It is important to plan the date/timing of HCG injection. Why?

A

HCG mimics LH, causing resumption of meiosis in oocyte 36 hours before oocyte recovery.

22
Q

For how long before giving a semen sample, should a male abstain from sex or masturbation?

A

72 hours

23
Q

For how long before giving a semen sample, should a male abstain from sex or masturbation?

A

72 hours

24
Q

What is semen assessed for?

A

Volume.
Density – numbers of sperm.
Motility – what proportion are moving.
Progression – how well they move.

25
Q

Name some risks associated with oocyte collection.

A

Bleeding.
Pelvic infection.
Failure to obtain oocytes

26
Q

What does the embryologist in the lab do?

A

Searches through the follicular fluid.
Identifies eggs and surrounding mass of cells.
Collects them into cell culture medium.
Incubate at 370C.

27
Q

What happens on day 5 of IVF?

A

Transfer and cryopreservation

28
Q

How many embryos are usually transferred during IVF?

A

1

max. 3 in exceptional circumstances.

29
Q

What luteal support is given in IVF post embryo transfer stage?

A

Progesterone suppositories for 2 weeks

30
Q

When should a pregnancy test be done in IVF?

A

16 days after oocyte recovery.

31
Q

What are the indications for ICSI?

A
  • Severe male factor infertility.
  • Pervious failed fertilisation with IVF.
  • Preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
32
Q

What will azoospermia require?

A

Surgical sperm aspiration

33
Q

Where can sperm be extracted from?

A

Epididymis – if obstructive
OR
Testicular tissue – if non-obstructive

34
Q

Describe the process of ICSI.

A
  • Each egg is stripped.
  • Sperm immobilised.
  • Single sperm injected.
  • Incubate at 370C overnight
35
Q

What are the ovaries like in OHSS? Why? What is the danger of this?

A

Ovaries are enlarged, and produce excess follicles.

Ovaries can then get ‘leaky,’ and fluid leaks into the abdominal cavity.

36
Q

What are the symptoms of OHSS?

A
  • abdominal pain/bloating  ascites.
  • nausea/diarrhoea.
  • breathlessness  increased haematocrit can lead to blood clots
37
Q

Outline treatment of OHSS before embryo transfer.

A
  • ‘Coasting.’
  • Elective freeze.
  • Single embryo transfer.
38
Q

Outline treatment of OHSS after embryo transfer.

A
  • Monitoring with scans and bloods
  • Reduce risk thrombosis: Fluids, TED stockings and fragmin
  • Analgesia
  • Hospital admission if required IV fluids/more intensive monitoring/paracentesis

Reproduction and Sexual Health (51 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions