Infective Endocarditis Flashcards
What is infective endocarditis?
infection of the endothelial layer of the heart
What is most commonly effected by infective endocarditis?
valves
What is the etiology of infective endocarditis?
an introduction of a pathogen into circulation causing bacterium
Is valvular vegetation common with infective endocarditis?
yes
What side of the valve does vegetation usually attach to?
the flow side
What are the two types of infective endocarditis?
acute and subacute
What are the characteristics of acute IE?
highly virulent
sudden onset
invades a normal valve
caused by staphylococcus aureus
What are the characteristics of subacute IE?
sub-clinical for at least 8 weeks
subtle presentation
invades abnormal valve
caused by streptococcus viridans
What are prophylactic antibiotics?
preventative antibiotics
Who receives prophylactic antibiotics?
those with: prosthetic heart valve
history of IE
heart transplant
congenital anomaly
Two common signs of IE:
Osler’s nodes (tender red spots under skin of fingers)
petechiae
Complications of IE:
embolism (veg breaks loose)
stenosis/regurg
abscess
heart failure
IE echo findings:
effected valve may appear shaggy, thickened, swinging, pedunculate
normal LV function or hyper-dynamic
possible pericardial effusion
What is Frank-Starling’s principle?
sudden LV volume overload from acute MR/AR leads to dilation in LV which causes the hyper dynamic state
M-mode findings:
AMVL flutter
premature MV closure due to LVEDP increase
premature AOV opening due to LVEDP increase
