Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
What is dilated cardiomyopathy?
multi chamber enlargement with decreased systolic and diastolic function
What is the most common type of cardiomyopathy?
dilated cardiomyopathy
What are some main causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?
idiopathic
familial link
valvular heart disease
ischemic heart disease
longstanding systemic hypertension
What are some complications of dilated cardiomyopathy?
heart failure
decreased cardiac output
regurgitant valves
LA thrombus
ischemia
Echo findings for DCM:
decreased systolic and diastolic function
thin walls
“smoke”
M-mode findings for DCM:
increased chamber size
double diamond mitral excursion
increased MV E point to septal separation
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
hypertrophic, hyper dynamic left ventricle associated sometimes with LVOTO
What is the etiology of HCMO?
idiopathic
genetics
What are the types of HCMO?
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
Provocable HOCM
non-obstructive HCMO
What Is hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?
LVH that is asymmetric, concentric, or mid ventricular with an LVOT obstruction
Three ways you can have LVOTO:
IHSS + ASH + SAM = LVOTO
HOCM + concentric LVH + SAM = LVOTO
HOCM + mid ventricular LVH = LVOTO
What does IHSS stand for?
idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
What does ASH stand for?
asymmetrical septal hypertrophy
What does SAM stand for?
systolic anterior motion (of MV leaflets or chordae)
What is provocable HOCM?
LVH with LVOTO but only when provoked with exercise, coughing, valsalva, etc.
What is non-obstructive HCMO?
LVH that is apical or other with no LVOTO
What are some M-mode findings for HCMO?
ASH
SAM
LVOTO
mitral valve E point to septal contact
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?
infiltration of the myocardium that results in stiff, rigid ventricular walls that impede diastolic filling, typically results in heart failure
Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes biatrial enlargement.
true
What is the least common cardiomyopathy?
restrictive
What is the difference between constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy?
CP typically surrounds the whole heart, RCMO primarily effects the ventricles
What are the five types of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
amyloidosis
sarcoidosis
hemochromatosis
pompes
endomyocardial fibrosis
What type of restrictive cardiomyopathy is most common?
amyloidosis
What is amyloidosis?
extracellular deposition of amyloid protein in multiple organ systems, causes stiffening of the heart
What is sarcoidosis?
abnormal inflammatory masses that infiltrate organ systems, causing heart failure, PH, irregular rhythm
What is hemochromatosis?
most common iron overload disease that causes iron deposits in muscle cells, causing heart failure and irregular rhythm
What is pompes?
typically occurs early in life and is excessive glycogen storage in tissue, heart becomes enlarges and heavily thickened
What is endomyocardial fibrosis?
fibrotic tissue lines myocardium
Restrictive cardiomyopathy echo findings:
biventricular hypertrophy
ground glass appearance of myocardium
biatrial enlargement
all valvular regurgitation
