Infectious rashes Flashcards
what is petechiae
pinpoint non-blanching spots
what is purpura
larger non-blanching spots (>2mm)
what virus causes measles?
Morbilivirus
what are the other names for slapped cheek?
Fifth disease
Erythema infectiosum
what causes hand foot and mouth disease?
coxsackie A virus
what is another name for rubella?
german measles
Describe the rash in fifth disease
Erythema on cheeks
Lacey appearance
Not itchy
Later macular lacey rash- on Arms/legs/trunk
what are the typical associated features with rubella rash?
Tender swollen glands
Arthralgias
Fever
describe measles rash
Non itchy rash Initially macules Becomes papules Covers all body- confluent rash Avoids palms and soles
what are some other signs and symptoms seen with measles?
Coryzal symptoms Cough Fever Malaise Conjunctivitis
what are the complications of measles?
Acute OM
Diarrhoea
Pneumonia
encephalitis
what causes molluscum contagiosum?
pox virus
describe meningococcal rash?
Purpuric rash
May appear like large bruise
what are the key complications of meningococcal infection?
meningitis
Sepsis
DIC
–> therefore is a medical emergency
describe the lesions often seen in hand foot and mouth disease?
intense yellow-grey vesicles over hands, feet, and can be inside mouth
describe progression of rash in chicken pox
Begins as red papules Progresses to fluid filled vesicles/blisters Intensely itchy Varying sizes of lesions Scabs form after blisters burst
how might we diagnose measles?
Nasopharyngeal swab + throat swab–> PCR
Serology IgM and IgG
what type of hsv causes lesions on the lips and what type of HSV causes lesions in the genital area?
HSV1- orolabial lesions
HSV2- genital herpes; but now HSV1 can cause genital herpes as well
where is the chickenpox rash usually located
usually located on the trunk (chest and back) and face, but then progresses down the arms and legs
complications of chickenpox?
secondary cellulitis infection
treatment of measles?
supportive management only
apart from being a feature of kawasaki disease, what other condition can ‘strawberry tongue’ be a feature of?
staph/strep toxin mediated syndrome
what is the difference between impetigo, erysipelas and cellulitis?
all forms of skin infections, and are caused by similar pathogens (staph and strep)
But their difference lies in which skin layer they affect.
Impetigo= superficial layer of skin Erysipelas= upper dermis +/- lymphatics Cellulitis= deeper dermis + subcutaneous fat
describe roseola infection in children?
Development of a sudden, high temperature (40°C or higher) which usually lasts about three to five days.
When the temperature drops to normal again, a raised, red rash may appear on the body and spread to the arms and legs. It is seldom seen on the face.
The rash generally last for one to two days and turns white (blanches) when pressed.
Some children will have a high temperature and no rash.
