Infectious rashes

Question 1

what is petechiae

Answer 1

pinpoint non-blanching spots

Question 2

what is purpura

Answer 2

larger non-blanching spots (>2mm)

Question 3

what virus causes measles?

Answer 3

Morbilivirus

Question 4

what are the other names for slapped cheek?

Answer 4

Fifth disease

Erythema infectiosum

Question 5

what causes hand foot and mouth disease?

Answer 5

coxsackie A virus

Question 6

what is another name for rubella?

Answer 6

german measles

Question 7

Describe the rash in fifth disease

Answer 7

Erythema on cheeks
Lacey appearance
Not itchy
Later macular lacey rash- on Arms/legs/trunk

Question 8

what are the typical associated features with rubella rash?

Answer 8

Tender swollen glands
Arthralgias
Fever

Question 9

describe measles rash

Answer 9

Non itchy rash
Initially macules
Becomes papules
Covers all body- confluent rash
Avoids palms and soles

Question 10

what are some other signs and symptoms seen with measles?

Answer 10

Coryzal symptoms
Cough 
Fever
Malaise
Conjunctivitis

Question 11

what are the complications of measles?

Answer 11

Acute OM
Diarrhoea
Pneumonia
encephalitis

Question 12

what causes molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 12

pox virus

Question 13

describe meningococcal rash?

Answer 13

Purpuric rash

May appear like large bruise

Question 14

what are the key complications of meningococcal infection?

Answer 14

meningitis
Sepsis
DIC

–> therefore is a medical emergency

Question 15

describe the lesions often seen in hand foot and mouth disease?

Answer 15

intense yellow-grey vesicles over hands, feet, and can be inside mouth

Question 16

describe progression of rash in chicken pox

Answer 16

Begins as red papules
Progresses to fluid filled vesicles/blisters
Intensely itchy
Varying sizes of lesions
Scabs form after blisters burst

Question 17

how might we diagnose measles?

Answer 17

Nasopharyngeal swab + throat swab–> PCR

Serology IgM and IgG

Question 18

what type of hsv causes lesions on the lips and what type of HSV causes lesions in the genital area?

Answer 18

HSV1- orolabial lesions

HSV2- genital herpes; but now HSV1 can cause genital herpes as well

Question 19

where is the chickenpox rash usually located

Answer 19

usually located on the trunk (chest and back) and face, but then progresses down the arms and legs

Question 20

complications of chickenpox?

Answer 20

secondary cellulitis infection

Question 21

treatment of measles?

Answer 21

supportive management only

Question 22

apart from being a feature of kawasaki disease, what other condition can ‘strawberry tongue’ be a feature of?

Answer 22

staph/strep toxin mediated syndrome

Question 23

what is the difference between impetigo, erysipelas and cellulitis?

Answer 23

all forms of skin infections, and are caused by similar pathogens (staph and strep)

But their difference lies in which skin layer they affect.

Impetigo= superficial layer of skin
Erysipelas= upper dermis +/- lymphatics
Cellulitis= deeper dermis + subcutaneous fat

Question 24

describe roseola infection in children?

Answer 24

Development of a sudden, high temperature (40°C or higher) which usually lasts about three to five days.

When the temperature drops to normal again, a raised, red rash may appear on the body and spread to the arms and legs. It is seldom seen on the face.

The rash generally last for one to two days and turns white (blanches) when pressed.

Some children will have a high temperature and no rash.